Cultured Neural Stem Cells Reduce Symptoms In Model Of Parkinsons Disease
...amine-producing cells in oneregion of the brain is responsible for the symptoms seen in Parkinson's disease. The new finding suggests that cells multiplied in culture may ultimately proveuseful in treating Parkinson's and other nervous system diseases. It alsoprovides new opportunities for studying how the brai...Atmospheric Chemistry -- A Mysterious Isotope Effect In A Well-Known AtmosphericPollutant Discovered
...gely on the availability of OH radicals, which are responsible for theremoval of CO, a major pollutant, and also of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas.Yet, OH belongs to the most elusive of all atmospheric species with a lifetimeof only one second. Nevertheless, the mass-independent fractionation in thereaction of ...Putting Down Your Roots: How Plants Know To Do It
...called indole acetic acid (IAA) to the root tip is responsible forgravitropism. When the root tip is cut off, the plant no longer is able to growdownward. When roots are oriented horizontally, IAA accumulates along the lowerside of the elongating zone. Cells on the top part of the root elongate, causingthe downw...Dismantling Dangerous Genetic Codes With A Faster, More Flexible RNA Mimic
...anded molecule that acts in tandem with DNA. It is responsible for carrying out the plans of DNA by directing the formationof proteins. Bashkin has chemically engineered a new class of DNA molecule that recognizesspecific chemical sequences of messenger RNA (mRNA) and destroys them to preventmaking harmful prote......o the brain, ending up in the thalamus, the region responsible forcoordinating motor function. In addition to the clear implications for treating brain injuries, thisstudy adds to the growing basic knowledge of programmed cell death, an area ofactive research on many fronts. Apoptosis involves the expres...Blindness Linked To The Cytoskeleton?
...f photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision under dim light conditions while cones participate in fine and color vision. RP leads to a preferential loss of the rod photoreceptor cells and night blindness is one of the first clinical symptoms. During disease progression, ......lignant tumors. The so-called NF1 gene is responsible for the development of the disease. It codes a huge protein, termed neurofibromin, comprising nearly 3000 amino acids, and it is disrupted or mutated in patients affected with NF1. A segment comprising ca. 10% of the whole protein represe...Study Finds Evidence Linking The Brain's Cognitive Control Regions With Stress Control Regions
...he researchers suspected that three mainareas were responsible for stress responses: The paraventricular nucleu...core of the body's stressresponse and is primarily responsible for secretion of stress hormones calledglucocorticoids. These chemicals regulate the metabolism of ......ng glucose, and cloned from that yeast three genes responsible for producing the xylose-fermenting enzymes. Ho also developed a new method to integrate multiple copies of the three xylose-metabolizing genes into the chromosome of the Saccharomyces yeast. "Our genetically engineered yeast not only can eff...Duke Study Helps Explain How Cells Divvy Up Genes During Reproduction
...calledkinesins. These highly efficient devices are responsible for shuttling cargoalong a highway system made of ...ave been able to identify a motor componentthat is responsible for determining the direction and helping coordinate motormovement," Endow said. "This is a crucial ...... a flawed lipid structure, the layer of fatty oils responsible for coating theeye and preventing evaporation of watery tears, said Dr. Ward Shine, assistantprofessor of ophthalmology at UT Southwestern. In the study, the composition of tear liquid in normal patients was compared tothat of patients with chronic b...Enzyme's Structure Yields Blueprint For Antibiotic Resistance
.... One enzyme with the same fundamentalstructure is responsible for the final chemical step in synthesizing aneurotransmitter important in the control of mood, depression and anxiety. Inanother incarnation, a structurally similar enzyme acts as a switch that freesDNA to become active and begin expressing messenge...Structure Of Enzyme Involved In Gentamicin Resistance Revealed For First Time
...rmined thethree-dimensional structure of an enzyme responsible for resistance of certainbacteria to the antibiotic gentamicin. The structure, reported in the August 21Cell, is the first for this family of antibiotics and presents a possible targetfor designing drugs to thwart resistance. "Our structure of this a......lecular oxygen in theoceans to soil-borne bacteria responsible for fertility. Scientists have found these cells 40 miles high in the atmosphere and beneaththe ocean floor some seven miles deep.. In order to estimate the total number of bacteria on Earth, the group atGeorgia divided the Earth into severa...UNC Scientists Succeed In Inserting Gene In Human Cells Via Artificial Chromosome
...ncerCenter. Researchers transferred genes responsible for producing Beta-globin, oneof two chief components of hemoglobin, the large molecule that carries oxygen inblood. Each time their cultured human cells divided, the genes replicated, orreproduced, as well and functioned for more than a year. ...Scientists Closer To Locating Gene That May Explain Cholesterol Absorption
...tes of Health have narrowed theirsearch for a gene responsible for abnormal cholesterol absorption in individualswith a rare hereditary disease. While cholesterol metabolism has been well-documented, scientistsunderstand little about how cholesterol is absorbed from our diet and excretedby the body. ...Study Shows First Significant Genetic Evidence For Schizophrenia Susceptibility
...Genetics, also suggests thatdifferent genes may be responsible for the disease in different families. Most experts agree schizophrenia is a condition influenced by bothgenes and environment. In studies of identical twins, for example, where onlyone twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a 46...Gene Mutation Found For Common Form Of Mental Retardation
...d Memory BOSTON-August 26, 1998--A gene mutation responsible for a form of mentalretardation affecting one in 600 males has been located on the X chromosome,researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,and other institutions report in the September Nature Genetics. Gen......presentstudy shows that reduced methylation may be responsible for the decrease ingenomic stability, and therefor...s lacking DNA methyltransferase(MTase), the enzyme responsible for methylating DNA. Mice carrying thismutation die in the womb. However, embryonic cells carrying......ding disorders of neuronal migration, which may be responsible for childhood epilepsy, forms of mental retardation, and possiblydyslexia and schizophrenia. The researchers found that two key signaling chemicals, cyclic AMP andcyclic GMP, located in the growth cone, act as switches. In general,increasing levels...