Discovery of armored viruses may inspire new designs for nanotechnology
...equipped with an armored coat made of interlocking rings of protein. The structure of this virus - remarkab...o determine that HK97's head is made of 72 protein rings - 12 pentagons and 60 hexagons - locked together to form a protective coating that surrounds the vir...Artificial muscles release medicine from tiny implants
...s wide. The perforations and the artificial muscle rings that cover them measure only a few micrometers across, much smaller than the diameter of a human hair. Madou cautioned that the capsule is in the early stages of development, and will have to work in clinical trials and achieve approval of...Wolves in Yellowstone may aid aspen recovery
... eliminated by 1926. By counting the annual growth rings on a sample of Yellowstone Parks aspen trees, the OSU research has determined that the 1920s were also the last decade in which aspen overstory trees were able to regenerate.When the wolves were eliminated the aspen overstory began to decline, and yo...Arctic temperatures warmest in past four centuries, study says
...turies gleaned from ice cores, lake cores and tree rings that don't show nearly as dramatic warming, putting the modern record into context," he said. Another issue troubling arctic scientists is the degradation of climate data from the Arctic region, including closures of some hydrometeorological stations...Study finds rare juvenile turtles
... years of age. Age is determined by examining the rings of the shell of the turtle, called "annuli." Full maturity is not reached for 15-20 years so one might think finding juveniles would be a snap. Not so, according to Gibbons, who says the difficulty comes from identifying where juvenile Blanding turt...Intriguing archaeological sites, isolated lake targets of Kuril Expedition
...eatures a number of curious circular mounded earth rings 9 to 13 meters in diameter. The rings could date back several hundred years to when the Ainu people were known to have traveled between Ja...Genes for unusual flower within a flower are identified by UCSD scientists
...alth. Normal flowers consist of a series of four rings or "whorls." The outermost whorl is made up of sepals, the green leaf-like organ that normally surrounds the flower bud before it opens. Inside the sepals is a ring of petals, then a ring of stamens, the male reproductive structures, and at the cente...Tube worms in deep sea discovered to have record long life spans
...ich grow in spurts as they lay down the successive rings oftheir external skeleton, grow more when they are young than later in theirlife span. "The trend for a decreasing growth rate with increasing size istypical of most animals, including humans," Bergquist explains. "The mostrealistic age estimate fo......earer used the fish earstone with its daily growth rings as a "flight recorder" of the environmental conditions experienced throughout the life cycle. "The calcium carbonate crystalline structures can tell you the age of the individual fish, and how fast or slow it grew at a particular time," he said. Over...DFG to set up 21 new collaborative research centres in 2000
...loy selected components -- sets of synchronisation rings from gearboxes , clutch systems, crankshafts for pumps, high-pressure pumps for direct injection car engines -- to discover the tools required for the employment of these materials under thermal-mechanical loads. Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Zu...USGS studies wildfire ecology in the western United States
...ds, assembled from fire scars in the annual growth rings of giant sequoias, extend back over 2,000 years, a...areas have as much fire history." Analysis of tree rings is carried out in cooperation with Dr. Thomas Swetnam of the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research at the...Spray Forming Aerospace Alloys For Bigger Aircraft
... in manufacturing certaincomponents such as engine rings and engine casings where the process can, insome instances, reduce production costs by up to 30% compared to traditionalmethods. As aeroplane engines get larger, it becomes increasingly difficult to producecomponents that satisfy stringent safety cr...Male Moth's Sperm Protects Females
...That's about one every second night. Lady of the rings : Biologists can tell how many times a female mothhas mated by counting the tiny, hardened rings that are left behind when themale's spermatophores (or sperm packages) dissolve. After dissecting m...Earliest Modern Tree Lived 360-345 Million Years Ago
...f modern trees --the woody strength that builds in rings to support greater and greater heightand weight, the protective bark that shields the cells that conduct water andnutrients from the earth to the farthest leaves, and the collars of extra woodthat surround the bases of each branch and the way intern...Cells Keep Bad Guys In A Cage Until They Are Fit To Socialize
...nits.These subunits are arranged in two heptameric rings which are stackedback-to-back. Each ring encloses a central cavity in which substrate polypeptideis bound by interaction with the apical domains of the GroEL monomers, whichform the opening of the cylinder. After substrate is bound inside the cavity,...Scientists Hope To Learn How Long Trees Can Absorb High Levels Of CO2
...n amount projectedfor the year 2050; another three rings are maintained at the existing worldwideaverage of 360 parts per million. DeLucia, who is heading the U. of I. effort, is studying the forest'scarbon budget. Like managing a checkbook, he is measuring the income ofcarbon into the plants, how much is...Open-Air Experiment Shows High CO2 Boosts Tree Growth
... 21st century air deliveredby computer controlled rings of towers. Another three identical tower rings,ea...re not providing extra carbondioxide. The gas-less rings thus serve as "control" sites that scientists cancompare to the high-CO2 plots. The scientis......ral side," says Mullins. "The swirl embryoscontain rings of hind brain tissue growing around the circumference instead ofjust running down the back. The embryos have spiraled neural tissue--hence themutants' names." Interestingly, the somitabun mutant (named after a popularswirled cinnamon pastry) shows an......says. "Ordinary cyclicnatural products often have rings consisting of five, six, or even seven atoms.Compounds with rings of 30 or 40 atoms can already be considered very rare. Thediscovery of a whole library of novel com...