Debate Brews Over Caffeine Addiction
...oses, these drugs trigger functionalactivityin the shell of the nucleus accumbens, the part of the brain responsible foraddiction, she says. It would take the equivalent of about seven or more cupsofcaffeinated coffee consumed in rapid succession to begin to activate thisportionof the brain. Even then, ...Duke Geologist Decries Using Engineering Models To Predict Natural Phenomena
...hat can cover some beaches. "If you have a shell layer, the beach won't move until you are well intoa storm and the energy gets really high," he said. "Whereas, with a beach thatis less shelly, its sand will move with the waves from the beginning of a storm.So you have an entirely different respons...Montana State University Scientist Contributes To Latest Dinosaur Discovery
...entina. Jackson looked at thin sections of shell fragments under twomicroscopes. One is a powerful ...aw a bumpy surface, straight pores and distinctive shell "units" reaching from the inside to the outside of the shell. She could alsosee horizontal growth l......s virtually impossible to walk withoutcrushing egg shell fragments under foot. If the tiny embryos from Auca Mahuevo had hatched, the baby dinosaurs would havestarted life a mere fifteen inches long and grown to an adult size approachingforty-five feet long. The fossil skin reveals a scaly surface, much l...New Research Shows Loggerhead Sea Turtles Sustain Delicate Dunes
...ofplants grow toward the egg and break through the shell to reach thenutrients inside. If the eggs survive and a hatchling emerges, the fluid inside the eggremains in the ground and still provides nourishment for the duneecosystem, Bouchard said. "There has not been enough attention paid to...Lake George Water Is Death On Zebra Mussel Larvae
... earlieststages of the life cycle, even before the shell begins to form. For other mollusks in Lake George the calcium levels seem to be quite adequate.Native clams, including a species considered to be threatened in the U.S.,thrive in the lake. The zebra mussel research at Rensselaer is supported by The ...Purdue Study: RNA 'Motor' Transports DNA In Virus
...ix-cylinder car engine to drive DNA into the outer shell ofthe virus. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, an...hanisms used to package viral DNA within its outer shell are among the mostcomplex and intricate of such processes, Guo says. In 1987, Guo discovered thi...Scientists Excited About Miniature Cooking Pots
... may benature's smallest cooking vessel--the round shell of a virusthat's been emptied of the stuff that ca...las are stealing them. "The natural role for that shell is to transport [thevirus]," said Young. "It evolved to survive in manydifferent chemical environmen......hers in the US have found that partsof the protein shell of the common cold virus flap open in a motion they call"breathing"--and compounds that stop viruses infecting cells can stifle thisflapping. The discovery could lead to rapid screening methods for antiviraldrugs. A virus only shows real sign...As A 'Carbon Sponge,' Iron-Poor Coastal Waters Can't Always Do The Job, NaturePaper Shows
...ant group ofphytoplankton called diatoms to make a shell of silicon dioxide--the samecompound found in window glass and the gemstone, opal. When diatoms can't findenough iron, they consume more silicate and form more opal: two to three timesmore, compared to diatoms given enough iron. When diatoms die and ...Purdue Finding May Snuff Out The Sniffles
...d chimpanzees are infected by the cold virus. "The shell of the rhinovirus has deep crevices or canyons cap...udies to determine how this interaction allows the shell of the rhinovirus to unfold and release its genetic material into the cell. The fact that the virus ...Trojan Horse Virus Controls Hiv Infection
...urning around what occurs naturally, the remodeled shell of VSV -- which nowlooks like an uninfected T cell -- tricks HIV-infected cells into fusing with itinstead. This enables VSV, which easily kills cells, to gain entry into the HIV-infected cell and destroyit. The modified VSV cannot infect normal ce......the pliable, yet oily carapace -- the sea turtle's shell -- made attaching the tethered transmitter difficult. Attached transmitters lasted between three and 87 days, but that was enough time to provide the researchers the first record of the turtles' preferred path. Efforts to save the leatherback turtle...