What actually influences air pollution over the Indian Ocean?
...nce NOx pollution over the Indian Ocean. This work shows that feedbacks in atmospheric chemistry can result in downwind regions being highly insensitive to upwind emissions: that is, a 50% reduction in global emissions of NOx - from all sources - might only lead to a 15% reduction in NOx levels over parts ...Meteorites supplied Earth life with phosphorus
... to the evolution of life on Earth. Their research shows that meteorites easily could have provided more phosphorus than naturally occurs on Earth -- enough phosphorus to give rise to biomolecules which eventually assembled into living, replicating organisms.Phosphorus is central to life. It forms the back...Length of sex act in flies dictated by genetics
... to copulate significantly longer than usual. This shows that clock genes affect not only behaviors on the time scale of 24 hours, but also behavioral timing on the order of minutes, including the length of the sex act. It also indicates that genes which were thought to be dedicated clock components seem t...Genetically-engineered 'marathon mouse' keeps on running
...inately changed by changing just one part. It also shows that it can be changed genetically, without exercise itself. This means that activation of this pathway might be very helpful to patients who are otherwise unable to exercise because of their weight or other complicating problems." Drugs that activat...Counting foxes before the last tally-ho
... the International Fund For Animal Welfare (IFAW), shows that at the end of winter there are 225,000 adult foxes living in rural Britain, with a further 33,000 in urban areas. This study has provided baseline data against which the impact of a ban on hunting with dogs can be measured. A team of scientists ......ur understanding of biological invasion because it shows that dispersal played a more significant role than local ecological interactions in the structure of the fish communities in these two rivers, even after many generations in this great natural experiment....Researchers report new gene test for isolated cleft lip and palate
...e lips, palate, skin, and genitalia. "This study shows that we've reached a point where it's possible to take blood samples from parents, test certain genes, and determine whether their risk for a second child with cleft lip or palate is, say, 1 or 20 percent," said Jeffrey Murray, M. D., a scientist at ...Anti-bacterial additive found in Maryland streams
... of Environmental Science & Technology. "Our study shows that environmental contamination with triclocarban is widespread but greatly underreported because conventional monitoring techniques cannot detect it," said the study's lead author Rolf U. Halden, PhD, PE, assistant professor of the School's Departm...Study narrows search for genes placing men at increased risk for prostate cancer
... Forest University School of Medicine. "This study shows that hereditary prostate cancer genes exist and demonstrates that by working together, teams of researchers are able to locate these genes. These results give us a renewed confidence in our search for prostate cancer genes." "These are exciting ti...Infant rats eagerly accept high concentrations of alcohol upon first exposure
... alcohol use and/or abuse later in life. Research shows that infant rats are eager to accept high concentrations of alcohol upon first exposure. This contrasts sharply with the standard rejection of alcohol by adult rats upon first exposure. This finding may have implications for human infants. Early exp...RNA could form building blocks for nanomachines
... one of nanotechnology's main goals. "Our work shows that we can control the construction of three-dimensional arrays made from RNA blocks of different shapes and sizes," said Peixuan Guo, who is a professor of molecular virology in Purdue's School of Veterinary Medicine. "With further research, RNA co...Rutgers-Newark scientist: Mosquitoes may carry lethal parasite
...lthough treatment for some types of microsporidia shows promise, "Whenever we start dealing with parasites in our cells, it's very difficult to kill them without upsetting our body's other processes." With mosquito season underway in earnest, Cali recommends some simple, common-sense approaches to avoid m...Excess thyroid hormone harmful to fetus
...er, published in the 11 August 2004 issue of JAMA, shows that increasing the dose without careful testing is hazardous. Overcompensating for a mother's shortage of thyroid hormone, the authors note, can be equally harmful. "Although the risks of insufficient thyroid hormone during pregnancy are established...Promising hospital anti-infection strategy probably won't work, study shows
... spread of antibiotic resistance. But a new model shows that the practice of cycling alternating between two or more classes of antibiotics as often as every few months probably will not work. It is an unexpected finding at a time when clinical tests of the practice with real patients are in progress. ...Scientist who discovered Sly syndrome finds new research path to explore for treating the disease
... cross the blood-brain barrier. "But this research shows that the blood-brain barrier already has its own delivery system. Unfortunately, it shuts down when you reach adulthood," Banks said. The blood-brain barrier continues to make the delivery molecule, which is the mannose-6 phosphate receptor (M6PR), b...Preschool bolsters early childhood immunity, reduces risk of young adult Hodgkin's lymphoma
...k to socioeconomic factors. The research also shows that Hodgkin's lymphoma among adults aged 55 and over is associated with lower socioeconomic status, but not preschool attendance, indicating the existence of a separate mechanism for the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma in the two age groups. "Year...Parasitic cowbirds thrive with a less ruthless strategy than cuckoos
...rkeley, and the University of Cambridge in England shows that cowbird chicks survive with a less ruthless strategy. A cowbird chick instead joins its nestmates in a chirping chorus that brings in more food than one noisy cowbird chick could demand from its host parents. By eating more than its share, the r...Study shows how consensus is attained in a noisy world
...How did a consensus come about? Our computer model shows how social networks can substitute for central mechanisms in decision making," said Lus A. N. Amaral, associate professor of chemical and biological engineering and an author on the PNAS paper. "Surprisingly, information can be aggregated more effici...Goals unlikely to protect Gulf of Mexico shrimp industry
...ich.—Research from the University of Michigan shows that the current federal plan to reduce the "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico may not be enough to protect the region's half billion dollar a year shrimp industry. Researchers from U-M, Louisiana State University, and Limnotech Inc, an Ann Arbor-bas......alysis of colonial and modern fish landing records shows that such changes accelerated with the adoption of new fishing technologies. It is a revolution of sorts, an overturning of the established order brought on by fishing pressure, that leads to major changes in the coastal marine ecosystem, accor...