Salt controls size of DNA structures, could improve gene therapy
...balt (III) to condense a DNA molecule containing a specially designed sequence. The synthetic sequence causes a region of the DNA molecule to bend into two loops of 25 nanometers each in diameter. In other words, these nanoscale loops were "programmed" into the DNA sequence. Hud theorized years ago that the s...Passing its global sight test leaves MERIS ready for work
...l zones and out in the open ocean. Close to land, specially equipped buoys were deployed close to Envisat orbit times in the Baltic, North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Mediterranean. Readings were also taken from whatever ships that were available. Journey to a cold ocean current teeming with life For open oc...Researchers discover birds protect trees in neotropics by eating insects
...o leaves in comparison to damage done to leaves in specially built exclosures where access by birds was limited. Where the birds could not reach, the densities of leaf-eating insects were much higher. Average damage levels by the end of the rainy season increased by 86 percent where the foliage was not reache...Ensuring the safety of first responder gas masks
...nd from the nerve gas sarin. The tests are done on specially designed mannequins that can precisely measure minute amounts of vapor that may penetrate through the masks. Masks worn by first responders must meet different standards from those designed for troops. Most military uses involve outdoor attacks where...Body clocks keep migrating monarchs on course, Science study shows
...ientists have found. By studying monarchs inside a specially designed flight simulator, the researchers have ga...e daily light and dark cycles on monarchs inside a specially designed flight simulator, with a video camera and computer that record the flight direction. After...Finicky snails provide new clues to the evolution of coastal ecosystems
...the research team placed sea mussels in mesh cages specially designed to exclude sea stars, then attached the cages to intertidal sites in California and Oregon. After nine months, whelks had discovered and drilled nearly 20 percent of the caged mussels in California. ''In contrast,'' the authors wrote, ''not ...Secrets of drug resistance in bacteria
... pump can't work. As McDermott explains, perhaps a specially designed molecule could lodge inside the funnel, rendering the pump useless and allowing antibiotics to slip inside the cell unhindered. To support these advancements in drug design, the team will next use the ALS to more fully explore how AcrB binds...Key gene in orchestrating embryo development also fine tunes organization of the retina
...rays to identify differentially affected genes and specially engineered viruses to deliver Prox1 into retinal cells. Results of these studies also showed that the control Prox1 exerts over the developing retina is so precise that it also ensures that there is one horizontal cell for every 150 rods. "We found ...DFG sets up twelve new research training groups
...le Mannheim Since 1990, the DFG has been funding specially qualified doctoral candidates of all disciplines in research training groups. 15 to 25 doctoral candidates each work on what is usually an interdisciplinary research and study programme under the supervision of professors who have distinguished thems...Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Awards 2003
...umstances. With the aid of a series of experiments specially designed to address these issues, he succeeded in refuting common assumptions about how dynamic processes in our environment are represented at a cognition psychology level. He found out that, unlike our environment, our mental world is not subjected...Research shows cocaine 'reward' picture more complicated than scientists thought
...pamine and norepinephrine systems are disrupted in specially modified laboratory animals, cocaine still provides reinforcing "rewards" to animals that ingest it. Their study, reported Saturday (April 12) at a meeting of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics in San Diego, shows the...Location of ulcerations in diabetic patients may be explained by blood flow
...nts and laser Doppler imaging.Subjects walked with specially designed insoles embedded in their shoes to record a two-dimensional graphic display of the plantar pressures during walking. The peak plantar pressure value, which occurred during any point in the gait cycle, was obtained for specific points on the...Powered by your liquor cabinet, 'biofuel cell' could replace rechargeable batteries
...gues coated the electrodes with a polymer that has specially tailored micelles pores in which the enzymes find an ideal "micro-environment" to thrive. "The enzyme has everything it needs to function for a very long period of time instead of denaturing like it normally would," Minteer says. "Other biofuel cell...Molecules designed to interfere with DNA upon signal
...th different cell lines have demonstrated that the specially constructed molecules can kill cells in the presence of light. The researchers have applied for a patent through Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. (www.vtip.org). The technology has been licensed to Carilion Biomedical Institute of Roanoke, ...Backstage with a command performer
...teins in lymphocytes. Tarakhovsky's lab uses these specially tailored mice in almost all of their projects. "Like other target molecules, Ezh2, is required during development. A conventional knockout would blunt the point of our investigation," says Tarakhovsky. The researchers instead embarked on creating...Laser-pulse technique could aid drug design
...sent the compound as a "caged neurotransmitter," a specially constructed molecule that has no effect on receptor proteins so it can be mixed with a cell without triggering reactions. Once the caged neurotransmitter is in place, according to Hess, a single pulse of laser light can cleave the protective cage wi...Vaccine technique shows potential against common form of lung cancer
...y removing a portion of a patients tumor and using specially equipped viruses to insert a gene known as GM-CSF into the tumor cells. After being radiated and injected into the patient, the manipulated tumor cells began producing the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) protein, which acted...New milestone for gene silencing
...setts Medical School, and their team found that by specially designing RNA with two strands they could silence targeted genes. Their discovery, called RNA interference (RNAi) was recently patented (US Patent 6,506,559 B1), and it has been widely licensed in the U.S., Europe, and Japan to address a broad ra......small droplets of a mixture containing enzymes and specially prepared molecules into wells on the microchip and placed the chip in an optical microscope. Each of the chip's holes is so tiny that light from a laser beam is unable to pass through and instead is reflected by the microchip's aluminum surface, with...Get your blood moving: Increased blood flow could lead to healthier blood vessels
...nuclei where they triggered the transcription of a specially designed reporter gene. In fact, the effect of shear stress alone had the same effect as dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid steroid used to treat inflammation. The researchers helped confirmed these findings in vivo by examining a portion of the ...