Human-Like Ability, Categorical Perception, Found In Insects
...imenter throws in a dishabituating "ba." Repeated stimulation at 20kHz habituated Wyttenbach's crickets, and each time they steered less and less vigorously from the speaker. (In the real world, that habituated response would have pleased the bats.) Next, the neurobiologist tried to get the crickets' attentio...Purdue Study Aims To Boost MRI Capabilities
...irly conservative in the amount of electromagnetic stimulation they use to attain images," he says. "Using additi...g each pulse whether they would find that level of stimulation uncomfortable over a prolonged period such as several minutes," Bourland says. The data can then be ...NIH Office Of Dietary Supplements Expands Research Support
...ow supplements of this amino acid may affect tumor stimulation and suppression. The National Eye Institute and O...he role of these key amino acids in inhibition and stimulation of glutathione synthesis in the intestinal tract. Glutathione is a substance that may have a protec...Growth Factor Stimulation Leads To Increase In New Neurons In The Striatum And Cortex Of The Brain
...l functions, canbe increased in adult rats through stimulation with a growth factor, EmoryUniversity and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. researchers report at this week's Society for Neuroscience meeting. The researchers administered the brain-derived neutrotrophic growthfactor (BDNF) to the right latera...Lights, Camera ... Reaction: Charting The Biological Effects Of Light InBillionths Of A Second
...andledcorrectly it can tolerate intense repetitive stimulation from lasers, x-rays orlight, all the qualifications one would choose for an optical storagemechanism." All of the previously examined light harvesting complexes are very complicated,water-insoluble, membrane protein assemblies, notes Moffat, involvin...Prostate Cancer Switch May Yield Map Of Cancer Machinery, Targets For Drugs
...herreceptor type, called IIIc, it needs no outside stimulation to grow, and escapesall controls -- becoming "androgen-independent" -- to spread throughout the body.This phenomenon was originally observed by McKeehan, and the Duke medical centerresearchers began exploring its molecular mechanism. The thre...Growth Factors Shown To Increase Vitamin C In The Immune System
...lucoseand vitamin C. The second mechanism involved stimulation of the oxidationof ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, the transportable form of thevitamin. Thus, the researchers found that GM-CSF increased the amount ofvitamin C that was taken up by the immune cells. "Our results establish a role for the grow...Motivating Muscles: New UD Study Might Help People With Paralysis 'Stay Strong Longer'
...itedcontrol of their muscles, thanks to electrical stimulation techniques now underdevelopment, but pulse pattern...n be reversed--at least in part--throughartificial stimulation of skeletal muscles. But first, he says, researchers must find a way to maintain the strength ofart...Interleukin-12 Helps Control Mycobacterium Avium Infection
...y found that the activity of IL-12 depended on the stimulation ofinterferon gamma, when given by itself, even at a higher dose than IL-12,interferon gamma was not more effective at clearing the bacteria thanantibiotics alone. Speaking of the newly opened protocol, Dr. Sher says, "Ethically, you can't takepatient...Pharmacologists Discover Linkage Of Key Cell Switches
...igh levelsof calcium. "We found that after stimulation the CaMKIV rose to 15 times thebackground amount after one minute, but plunged all the way to zero after fiveminutes, even though there was still enough calcium in the cell to activate it.There had to be some mechanism that turned off this enzyme, wh......penetrating fungus with gentle local mechanical stimulation of the cells using a tungsten needle of the sam...bserved. Only a few minutes of local mechanical stimulation were required to induce the intracellular generation of ROI (see figure), in the same way as w...First Reproducible Cloning Of Mammals From Adult Cells Reported In Nature
... process. The second step typicallyoccurs with the stimulation of a fertilizing sperm. In the study, the insertion of the donor nucleus preceded the secondmaturation step, and the scientists delayed this maturation anywhere fromone to six hours. This delay increased the likelihood that when the oocytecontinued ......that store neurotransmitter and release it upon stimulation by fusing with the cell membrane. The protein machinery that mediates this release process is subject to regulation by numerous factors. Regulation occurs either directly, e.g. through proteins that interact with the release machinery, or...Open-Air Experiment Shows High CO2 Boosts Tree Growth
...so noted that computer models suggest continuedCO2 stimulation will have a lessening impact in future years, a conclusionSchlesinger expanded on in his interview. "One might guess that plants growing at high CO2 would drop leaveshaving lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in them, not because ...Scientists Hope To Learn How Long Trees Can Absorb High Levels Of CO2
...ves of nutrients, but it is likely that the growth stimulation we sawwill drop in time," he said. "It may abate to zero in 10 yearsas the trees adapt to the higher carbon dioxide concentrations and growthexceeds the capacity of the soil to provide limiting nutrients. "We may need to put more focus on the issue ...Duke Scientist Reports Advances In Gene Therapy For Heart Failure
...ic receptors ( B ARs) present on heart cells. This stimulation initiallyallows the heart to increase the power of its contractions, but in heart failureit quickly becomes self-defeating: the receptors become desensitized, meaningthey no longer are able to respond to hormone stimulation. Desensitization iscaused ......S.T. underwent aprocedure called an awake cortical stimulation mapping, which allows assessmentof language and mo...rcherstested the subject and found that electrical stimulation of Broca's area and thesupramarginal gyrus created repeated but different kinds of errors in S.T.'sa...Skeletal Muscle Yields Precursors Of Bone Cells That Form Bone When Transplanted Into Animals
...e, a marker for osteoblasts (bone cells). Without stimulation usingbmp-2, none of the cell groups produced this enzyme. "In the next step, we took the bmp-2-sensitive cells and transferred two genesinto them. First, we put the gene for bmp-2 into the cells so that they couldproduce bmp-2 and stimulate their ow......ce of thecell and their signaling pathways lead to stimulation of a protein which goes bythe name Dorsal, which is responsible for launching an immune response andtriggering the production of an antifungal peptide, drosomycin, in the fly. In the late 1980's, researchers investigating inflammation discovered sign......lowered beta-catenin levels, stopping the abnormal stimulation of the cyclin D1 gene. In another experiment, the scientists introduced an adhesion molecule called cadherin into colon cancer cells. Cadherin is known to bind with beta-catenin at the outer periphery of the cell. Through this binding action, the cad...