JCI table of contents September 15, 2004
... ordinarily completely degenerate, they also saw a striking rescue effect on the retinal neuronal cells. Of interest, while the mouse retina is primarily made up of rod cells, the cells that see black and white, the rescued cells after treatment were almost always cone cells, the cells that detect color. The...Genetically modified bacterium as remedy for intestinal diseases
... disease, are occurring with increasing frequency, striking young adults in particular. In an advanced stage of such inflammations, patients can eat only via catheters. Crohn's disease has been on the rise in recent years: it is estimated that in Western Europe 2 persons in 1000 suffer from it. This typicall...Researchers identify distinctive signature for metastatic prostate cancer
...tumors when implanted into mice. "This was a very striking observation, because it's very tough with manipulation of expression of a single cellular gene and has never been done before, to my knowledge to cause a primary human cell to become a cancer," said Beachy. "And that suggests that perhaps we have i......mpound 3's activity remains unclear. Compound 3's striking apoptosis-triggering activity revealed itself when the scientists introduced it into cultures of human glioblastoma cells. "We picked human glioblastoma because it is the hardest to kill," said Wang. "The cells grow like weeds and they are tough as a...Genes may be central to cocaine addiction
...k behaviors associated with cocaine addiction, the striking concordant neurochemical phenotype between Homer2 deletion and withdrawal from chronic cocaine treatment indicates that Homer is a particularly good candidate to play a central role in cocaine addiction," wrote the researchers. Since the Homer protei...JCI table of contents, 2 August, 2004
...in, actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. They found a striking specificity for the loss of myosin heavy chain only. Intriguingly, TNF-alpha/IFN-gammadependent loss of myosin heavy chain occurred through different mechanisms depending on whether they were examining it in cell culture or in a mouse model. In cult......in, actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. They found a striking specificity for the loss of myosin heavy chain only. Intriguingly, TNF-a/IFN-gdependent loss of myosin heavy chain occurred through different mechanisms depending on whether they were examining it in cell culture or in a mouse model. In culture, los...Study finds anti-HIV protein evolved millions of years before the emergence of AIDS
...date to be one of these genes." The findings are a striking example of what can be learned from studying rapidly evolving proteins, the research approach taken by Malik's lab. Conflicts in nature drive this type of evolutionary change when two competing biological interests come head to head. Predators and pr......archers observed an embryonic lethal phenotype and striking developmental abnormalities in Ago2 homozygotes. All Ago2 homozygous embryos displayed defects in neural tube structure, with half of the embryos showing complete failure of neural tube closure in the head region. The embryos also had enlarged hearts...Insecticide resistance: A constraint on evolutionary change
...ce. The new study reveals the reason for this striking discrepancy in adaptation. First, the researchers determined that the G119S version of the Ae. aegypti AchE1 protein was indeed resistant to insecticide action in the test tube, suggesting that the mutation would confer resistance to the mosquito i...Report outlines vision and recommendations for microbiology in the 21st Century
...ntury: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? These striking realities of life of earth are not widely appreciated as yet. The public thinks of microbes as undesirable vermin "germs" that should best be eradicated. At present, concerns for bioterrorism alert the public to the hazards of agents of disease, b...New study in moths shows insects not entirely ruled by instinct
...ciate the odor with food. The researchers also saw striking differences in neuronal activity between the odor that predicted food and the odor that had nothing to do with food. "More neurons were recruited into action when a moth smelled the odor connected to food," Daly said. "After a few exposures to this o...Report outlines steps needed to lessen smallpox threat
...he scientific issues was that there are many quite striking and unusual virus-cell interactions associated with a poxvirus infection. A poxvirus is a DNA virus, yet it replicates not in the nucleus where all of our DNA-replicating enzymes lie, but in the cytoplasm. Poxvirus brings along all its own replicatio...'Trap' crop saves Texas cross timbers melon production
...ade its premier performance in Texas and Oklahoma, striking melon and cantaloupe fields with a vengeance. Some fields were completely wiped out. By the mid-1990s, it was clear the melon industry throughout the region was at risk. In response to the threat, Mitchell joined a multi-disciplinary task force that...Birds show superior listening skills
...ch to speculate extensively about the cause of the striking difference between the absolute pitch processing abilities of birds and mammals. Whatever the cause, Sturdy thinks it cannot be special to humans because other mammals (rats) are no better at judging absolute pitch than humans. The latest findings f...Ecosystem bounces back from hurricanes
...ters in 1999 and intensive fishing pressure led to striking reductions in blue crabs. Overall, the data support the premise that in shallow estuaries frequently disturbed by hurricanes, there can be rapid recovery in water quality and biota, and benefit from the scouring activity of these storms....Thimerosal, found in childhood vaccines, can increase the risk of autism-like damage in mice
...iversity. Over the past 20 years, there has been a striking increase--at least ten-fold since 1985--in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Genetic factors alone cannot account for this rise in prevalence. Researchers at the Mailman School, led by Dr. Mady Hornig, created an anim...Sex-specific differences in gene expression related to drug metabolism and hypertension
...issue of Developmental Cell reveals that there are striking sex-specific patterns of gene expression that will likely provide critical insight into documented physiological differences, including sex-specific risk for disease. Although there have been reports of differences in gene expression between ma...From lung to gut the Wnt signaling pathway transforms cell fate
...d, of genes characteristic of intestinal cells. "A striking feature of the microarray data was the high expression in transgenic lungs of genes normally associated with the specification and differentiation of gut secretory cell lineages," say Hogan and Okubo. These included the gene encoding the Atoh1 transc...Lung cancer patients in Japan, United States react differently to the same chemotherapy regimen
...nger survival in the Japanese group was especially striking because those patients had to be given a lower dose of paclitaxel due to toxicity. Even with the lower dose, the Japanese patients were able to complete fewer cycles of the chemotherapy regimen, and some side effects were more severe. The U.S. patien...