Experiments offer major clue to repairing diseased nerves
...nctional with a toxin called cuprizone that slowly stripped away the myelin coating on nerves in their brains and then observed myelin regeneration indicative of nerve repair. Normal mice recovered completely, but those lacking the functioning tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene did not, which indicated how crit...From embryo to placenta, gene transfer in primates a success
... rhesus monkey embryos. The vector, Golos says, is stripped of disease-causing genes and employs just a small percentage of the HIV genome to trick embryonic cells into accepting the transgene. In effect, Golos says, the vector, which was developed by Robert G. Hawley at the American Red Cross Holland Labora...New study puts dinosaur noses in their place
...ociety for Vertebrate Paleontology annual meetings stripped the lips from Tyrannosaurus rex and the cheeks from Triceratops. "People like to think of dinosaurs as looking a certain way, and often times, they're given traits that are more familiar, more comfortable," he said. "As a scientist, I'm certainly no...New hope for neurodegenerative disease sufferers
...learning. To find out, the scientists used flies stripped of their own 14-3-3 genes, and they inserted one of the human 14-3-3 genes in the flies. The flies are clones of each other and are raised in the same environment, so the only difference between a normal fly and a fly with a human 14-3-3 gene is t...New technique answers one of waters basic mysteries
... constantly. To understand the way the protons are stripped away in the first place, the team used a proven algorithm to model the process, but the real hurdle lay in the rarity of the event itself. "If we just set up the algorithm and let it run, we would have waited many times the age of the universe for so...Preserving Moroccan forests need not endanger Barbary macaques
...correlated best with bark stripping. The macaques stripped hardly any bark in areas where water was readily ...ter sources in the study area. Moreover, macaques stripped bark intensely in areas where water was scarce or where the monkeys were excluded from previously ...UCSF researchers reveal a fundamental decision-making unit of cells
...rsity of California, San Francisco scientists have stripped the fundamental decision-making apparatus of a cell down to its bare essentials, revealing the inner workings of one of life's smallest "decision nodes" - the biochemical switches by which cells take in multiple signals and integrate them, leading to...Cloned pig debuts in Science, sets the stage for organ transplants
...netic material from fetal pig skin cells into eggs stripped of their own genetic material. A needle-like pipette used in the microinjection works like a tiny gun or drill, firing into the egg in a controlled and rapid motion. This method is based on one reported two years ago by Teruhiko Wakayama and c...Scientists record movement of herpes simplex virus in nerve cell
...nject and provided good visibility. The scientists stripped herpes simplex virus Type I of its envelope and injected the human virus into the squid axon. The study showed that the viral particles travel at an "enormously" fast and consistent speed of 2.2 microns per second, which indicates a single mechanism ...Modified HIV may be effective for delivering and regulating gene therapy
...rapy provide the first evidence that a genetically stripped down amalgam of HIV components can not only safely deliver genes to target cells in the body but can be fashioned with a molecular switch system that turns them off in response to a common antibiotic. This accomplishment was achieved without toxic a...Molecular fats prevent nerve sheath abnormality
...crease axon size. "In MS, the myelin sheath is stripped away leaving entire segments unmyelinated, and that creates havoc with the electrical impulse. It does not travel down the axon efficiently or in a coordinated fashion, so you have motor coordination problems and other effects." The myelinating cell...Health of normal synapses seen to depend on neurotrophin signaling
...archers used a gene-therapy vector -- a cold virus stripped of itsgenes and reloaded with genes of the scientists' choosing -- to flood otherwise normal synapses with many copies of anonfunctional form of the trkB receptor. The flawed receptors effectively soaked up all available neurotrophin, deprivingthe sy...Researchers Discover How The Immune System Shuts Down Faulty T Cells
...seeing class 1 inthe periphery, this protection is stripped away and the factor disappears. This means that the default mode for CD 8 cells is death, which is keptat bay only by continuous contact of its CD 8 protein and T cell receptor withclass 1-bound antigen, says Cantor. He adds that this quality...Mixing Radiation, Minerals, Toxic Waste Could Be Cleanup Boon -- Or Kaboom
...e chemical hexachlorobenzene, orHCB, can be easily stripped of its chlorine atoms and degraded by gamma rayswhen the HCB is coating alumina particles. The same reaction does not occur inthe presence of potassium bromide, a simple salt-like compound not found insoil. HCB, which is a common pollutant in its own...Gene Therapy Incorporates Molecular Rheostat For Controlled, Long-Term Drug Delivery
... For this project, the Penn and ARIAD scientists stripped two AAVs oftheir viral genes and reloaded them respectively with the gene forerythropoietin, or Epo, a recombinant protein that stimulates red blood cellproduction and is used to treat anemias, and the genes for a transcriptionfactor complex able to ...... introducing its genes into target cells. Theythen stripped the AAV of its own disease-causing -- and immune-system provoking-- genes and reloaded it with a normally occurring gene called insulin-likegrowth factor I, or IGF-I, as well as a muscle-specific promoter to drive highproduction levels of the growth ...Scientists Describe Structure Of An Enzyme That Uses Iron To Make Hydrogen
... introduce electrons, twoat a time, to two protons stripped from a single molecule of water. As newlyformed molecules of hydrogen leave the enzyme, they make room for more electronsand protons to take their spot, providing the energy for the next reaction totake place. "Hopefully, through kn......sts of southern Floridain 1992, it uprooted trees, stripped off leaves, fruits, flowers, and snappedoff tree limbs. Opportunities for plants to recolonize were numerous in thewake of this natural disaster. But those most successful were invasivenon-natives who had already gained a foothold in the forests be...Viral Vector Delivers Dystophin Gene To Mouse Muscle
...tor is called a "gutted" virus, because it hasbeen stripped of most of its original genes to make room for the largedystrophin gene. At last year's American Society for Human Genetics meeting, Jeffrey S.Chamberlain, Ph.D., associate professor of human genetics in the U-M MedicalSchool, reported the vector's ......truction equipment; the lack of topsoil, which is stripped away in the building process; and reduced water infiltration and nutrient uptake are all obstacles to growing trees in new housing developments. New golf course construction presents many of the same landscaping problems. Urban forester Rita ...