JCI table of contents September 15, 2004
...eath of retinal neuronal through a form a cellular suicide called apoptosis. In many cases the vasculature in the retina also becomes atrophied. It remains uncertain, however, if the vasculature atrophy is secondary to the degeneration of the retina. To investigate the importance of vascular atrophy in reti...... at one point or another, protecting them from the suicide process that their aberrant behavior would otherwise trigger. To reactivate the cell-death pathway in cancer cells, the researchers sought to create a molecular mimic of a protein called Smac, which promotes apoptosis. Normally, when apoptosis is ac...New compound could give some types of cancer the one-two punch
... tracks," he said. OSU 111 induces apoptosis cell suicide in cancer cells because it keeps key structures called microtubules from working during cell division. Microtubules distribute chromosomes to new cells. OSU 111 also prevents tumor cells from forming new blood vessels. Scientists are looking for alt......nting cancer onset, by stimulating cells to commit suicide when their DNA is damaged by chemicals or UV expos...longer act as a transcription factor to cause cell suicide in response to DNA damage. "In terms of possible therapies for the future, YY1's regulation of p53 a...Scientists build on case connecting inflammatory disease and depression
...are not 100 percent effective and will not prevent suicide in patients with suicidal thoughts," Dantzer said. "Clinical studies are investigating whether SSRI treatment could be used in a preventative manner if it were possible to identify in advance those vulnerable patients." Since the 1980s, medical prof...How DNA repair machinery is a 'Two-Way Street'
...NA damage, which leads to activation of the cell's suicide machinery, called apoptosis, resulting in cell death. Inactivation of the mismatch repair system not only predisposes cells to tumor development, but also renders them resistant to certain anti-tumor drugs. "Such findings as the ones we are reporting...Cell growth and death controlled by single pathway in lymphoma cancer model
... we know the proliferation pathway can jam the p53 suicide pathway, we might be able to block specific sectio... genes they say are known to be involved in a cell suicide process called apoptosis, but which had never been described as genes associated with the NF-kB path...Shortened chromosomes linked to early stages of cancer development
...r the lengths of their telomeres and initiate cell suicide or halt cell division when telomeres get too short. Other researchers have shown in mice that cancer, which is characterized principally by unrestricted cell growth and lack of cell death, can occur if this monitoring system breaks down, leading to ...Molecular image of genotoxin reveals how bacteria damage human DNA
...ue to grow in size without dividing, others commit suicide through a process known as apoptosis. These cellular reactions to CDT invasion are not surprising because cells have "checkpoint" mechanisms to insure that DNA sequences are copied correctly during the process of replication, says Stebbins. When a "m...Creating polymers that act like biomolecules
...). The polymers could be used to deliver so-called suicide genes and chemotherapy drugs directly and selectively to tumors, since normal cells would be less likely to react with the polymer and express the incorporated gene. A preliminary invivo study in rats is now underway in conjunction with the Joh...Drugs limit deadly side effects of graft-versus-host disease
...on of tumor suppressor genes or genes that trigger suicide in cancer cells, while inhibiting expression of genes that produce inflammatory cytokines," Reddy says. "But clearly more research will be needed to know exactly how they work." Scientists know all too well that what works in mice doesn't always work...Studies suggest brain injury results from developmental exposure to alcohol, anesthesia, and lead
...s can cause large numbers of nerve cells to commit suicide in the developing rodent brain. Now they have det...hol damages the brain by driving neurons to commit suicide was discovered only very recently. Now, we are finding that anesthetic drugs can also have this eff...Small amounts of alcohol or anesthetics may damage the developing brain
...rain cells to undergo neuroapoptosis -- brain cell suicide -- but in those previous studies, he was observing...indings is complicated by the fact that brain cell suicide occurs naturally at a low rate during development," Olney says. "Transient exposure to small amounts....... This gene codes for a protein that triggers cell suicide when cells start to run amok, preventing them becoming cancerous. Many tumours arise after the mutation or inactivation of p53, and in cancers of this type restoring the protein should kill the tumour cells. This approach has already been tried in t...Scientists report on promising new approaches to induce cancer cell suicide
... receptor, which can trigger a process of cellular suicide termed apoptosis. Blood vessel cells in culture normally grow when exposed to VEGF. When the R2Fas receptor was expressed in blood vessel cells, the cells were instead rapidly killed by VEGF, showing that VEGF acted as a death factor instead of a ...High heart risk for lupus patients linked to death of cells lining blood vessels
ORLANDO, Fla. Mass suicide by protective cells that line every blood vessel i...l of the endothelial cells, that they might commit suicide and thereby affect vascular function," says Rajagopalan. Apoptosis is a normal process by which cel...JAK2 enzyme helps protect brain cells, wreaks havoc on blood vessels
...s blood vessels from the inside and out, prompting suicide of the endothelial cells that comprise the smooth interior through which blood flows and proliferation of the smooth muscle cells that comprise the exterior. The result is diseased, dysfunctional blood vessels. JAK2 activation also is stimulated by ...When heme attacks: After trauma, the molecule that makes life possible rampages
...tion. Eventually, this ionic buildup triggers cell suicide and, therefore, the loss of the neuron." The chemical heme is essential for most forms of life. It exists in hemoglobin for oxygen transport, in cytochromes for cellular energy production, and in guanylate cyclase for blood pressure regulation. The ...Novel therapeutic target identified in fight against Rheumatoid Arthritis
...synoviolin mice because of increased synovial cell suicide or 'apoptosis'. Apoptosis is a vital protective mechanism against the overproduction of diseased or unwanted cells. On the other hand, synovial cell apoptosis was significantly impaired in mice overexpressing synoviolin, promoting synovial hypoplas...Researchers try to determine why cancer cells don't commit suicide
...lace -- cancer cells do not exhibit this same cell suicide response. This cell-suicide response is thought ...hree studies will evaluate both at what stage cell suicide goes wrong in normal cells thus allowing cancer cells to develop and how the suicide response could...