Scientists Discover How Genes Work Together To Control Neural Development
... to contribute to the understanding of the nervous system andthe brain, which is made up of billions of neurosn. To make their discovery, Lai and Carthew's team studied fruit-fly eyesto figure out which genes regulate the development of photoreceptor neurons,which convert light signals into chemical signa...Evolution Re-Sculpted Animal Limbs By Genetic Switches Once Thought Too Drastic For Survival
...re attachedto the powerful muscles and the nervous system of the thorax. Crustaceans thathave them include the decapods--shrimp and lobsters and their relatives. "If you watch, animals with maxillipeds can feed in a different way," Patelsaid. "They can walk and hold and move their food at the same time. Thi...New Gene May Intensify Breast Cancer Growth
... one is aparticularly important part of the wiring system in the breast cancer cell thattransmits the signal from steroids like estrogen that says 'grow,'" Meltzersaid. "It gives us a important new window into the cell biology of breast cancerthat emphasizes the importance of this particular kind of gene to......he body against TB. Antigen85 activates the immune system after a person is exposed to mycobacteriumtuberculosis, the bacteria that causes the disease. But recently, microbiologists John Belisle, Varalakshmi Vissa andGurdyal Besra discovered the set of proteins has another face. Antigen 85 alsoplays...Female Fireflies Lure Males For Defense Chemical
... their minds," said Eisner, explaining the complex system of flickering "passwords" that luminescent beetles use to locate mates of their own species. "Generally, courting males are the fancy flashers, and they signal with their light organs in characteristic, species-specific patterns of flashes. They wa...E. Coli Genome Reported: Milestone Of Modern Biology Emerges From Wisconsin Lab
...hips between them become evident, a classification system forunderstanding the basic functions of life can be erected." E. coli's natural habitat is the lower intestinal tract of animals,including humans. Originally isolated in 1922 from a convalescent diphtheria patient, the strainof E. coli sequenc...Discovery Of Genetic Pathways May Provide New Ways To Combat Candida Infections
..., in people with healthy bone marrow, other immune system cells called neutrophils come to the rescue to des...es. Although common baker's yeast is an excellent system for genetic studies, scientists had never considered it to be a good model for studying fungal disea...Molecular Piracy Turns Protein Into Traitor
...umatoid arthritis or asthma where the human immune system is abnormally activated or even as a means of understanding transplant rejection. It may also lead to useful anti-inflammatory agents for asthma and rheumatoid arthritis....Trojan Horse Virus Controls Hiv Infection
...lag themselves for destruction by the body'simmune system by displaying HIV's outer coat protein. But this protein, HIVgp120, is the same one that attaches to the T-cell receptors and leads toinfection. Cell-to-cell infection occurs when the HIV gp120 on an infected cellfirst hitches up to the receptors o...Chemists Develop High-Throughput Method To Synthesize And Screen Novel Antibiotics
...iversity of Cincinnati researchers havedeveloped a system for quickly synthesizing and screeningpotential re...ate student Jie Wang will explain a key part ofthe system Sunday, Sept. 7 during the national meeting of theAmerican Chemical Society in Las Vegas. The system...Mutant Gene Not Sole Explanation For Hiv Non-Progression
...," says Dr. Fauci. "Multiple immune system factors, genetic and other host factors, and viral factors contribute to the clinical profiles of these patients, who usually have preserved immune function and low levels of HIV in their ...... andemotional states. Disturbances in the dopamine system are known to be associatedwith human disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and addiction.Dopamine producing neurons continue to be the focus of research because of theirwidespread importance in regulating complex locomotor, emotional a...New Description Of Protein May Be Basis For Regulating Cholesterol
...proteinis designed and works and how pieces of its system function, then in principlewe can make designer-engineered proteins with particular properties so as toproduce new antibiotics," he said....Gene For Last Major Form Of Batten Disease Discovered
...ding supporter of research onthe brain and nervous system and a lead agency in the Congressionally designatedDecade of the Brain. The NIDDK leads the federal research effort on metabolicdiseases, including diabetes and genetic metabolic diseases....Report Notes Difficulties In Eliminating E. Coli O157:H7 From Food Supply
...Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system can reduce therisk of E. coli O157:H7 infections, but it is not infallible, especially due tothe pathogen's nature. "For example, the low incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in foods makes directmicrobiological testing for the pathogen as a means of verifyi...Pharmaceuticals Manufactured In Insect Larvae
...maceuticals becomes easy using a recently patented system called HeRD -- the high-efficiency rearing device. Developed at BTI, HeRD can raise thousands of insects all at once to produce protein, thus reducing the expense. Using the HeRD system, the BTI researchers are growing caterpillars -- Trichoplusia ...Environmental Engineers Demonstrate Effective Method For Trapping Highway Pollutants
...in the state of Ohio. The effectiveness of the PET system varied for each specificmetal, but the overall tra...ontinue his research by looking at ways tomake the system more economical and efficient. It took ten tonsof coated sand to treat 20 meters of highway during t......les in HIV'sremarkable ability to elude the immune system and, in fact, directly infect thevery cells tasked... cells. Cytokines are chemicals used by the immune system to initiateand control much of the its response to infection. Additionally, the investigato...Purdue Study Finds Prehistoric Couch Potato
... ago, many of the northern dinosaurs had evolved a system so that each rib moved in a specialized direction, allowing the dinosaur to consume up to 40 percent more air per breath for the same effort. "This suggests that there was some kind of pressure on these dinosaurs to become more aerobically active ove...Photocatalytic Air Cleaning System Promises To Help Allergy Sufferers
...t against airborne enemies: an indoor-air cleaning system that uses light and simple chemicals to destroy th...sion Laboratory, the photocatalytic air filtration system has been tested in medical and industrial settings and already has proven successful at zapping odor...