'Noisy' genes can have big impact
...olds the regulatory region of the gene so that the transcription machinery can access it. "And the step that is gen...g the nucleosomes, in order to allow access of the transcription machinery and the regulatory proteins," she said. Remodeling is particularly slow, O'Shea said, and...Gene expression profiling may predict head, neck cancer recurrence
... as people have it." Gene expression refers to the transcription of the information contained within DNA, the repository of genetic information, into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then translated into the proteins that perform most of the cells' critical functions. Scientists then study the kinds and amo...JCI table of contents, 17 May 2004
...rolled largely at the transcriptional level by the transcription factor SREBP-1c, which governs fatty acid synthesi...nuclear receptor LXR. LXR is essential for a basal transcription level of SREBP-1c. The authors analyzed the SREBP-1c promoter using luciferase assays to show that S...Surprising 'ultra-conserved' regions discovered in human genome
...nome that are associated with gene regulation, the transcription of DNA to RNA, or the binding of regulatory proteins to the DNA. "There was some speculation among biologists as to whether we would find new kinds of things when we sequenced the complete genomes of animals, including our own genome, or if it woul...Small gene changes in some leukemia patients may explain varying responses to chemotherapy
...n a region that contains binding sites for several transcription factors. Transcription factors are proteins that initiate or regulate the transcription of DNA into mRNA. Patients with the insertions were more likely to be nonresponsive to chemotherapy,...Other highlights in the May 5 JNCI
...r Angiogenesis Inactivating the mRNA for c-Jun, a transcription factor, inhibits angiogenesis--the development of new blood vessels--and tumor growth in rodent models, according to a new study. Levon M. Khachigian, Ph.D., of The University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and colleagues suppressed express...Fly with brain tumor may shed light on cancer causing genes
...ses including metabolism, cell proliferation, gene transcription and protein translation. "One fifth of these genes show homology to known mammalian genes involved in cancer formation," write the researchers. The flies with cancer had mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene brain tumor (brat), which stopped the gen...Gene with key role in replicating pox viruses also halts inflammation
...enes was responsible for inhibiting a key cellular transcription factor called NF kappa B (NF-kB). NF-kB serves to turn on other host cell genes involved in anti-viral immune responses and inflammation. The researchers then sought to determine what specific genes in the segment inhibit NF-kB activation. To carry ......emerged in the hominid lineage. Because FOXP2 is a transcription factor, i.e. a protein that regulates the activity of many other genes, the sequence changes of FOXP2 in the hominid lineage could, in the course of evolution, have triggered a chain of events. The Leipzig team found evidence that indicate that the h...Gene-rich human Chromosome 19 sequence completed
...led with such biologically interesting features as transcription factors, olfactory receptor genes, and zinc finger genes. Olfactory receptors represent the largest multigene family in higher organisms. They have evolved in response to the need for animals to recognize millions of odorsboth threatening and attrac...National Foundation For Cancer Research names UCSD's Webster Cavenee NFCR Fellow
...in cancers of the prostate, and the role of fusion transcription factors in normal development and pediatric neoplasms. Since 1991 Cavenee has been Director of the San Diego Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and professor of medicine at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine,...JCI table of contents, 15 March 2004
...es demonstrated that wild-type HNF1-beta activated transcription of the PKHD1 promoter, whereas a dominant negative form could not. Moreover, specific mutations and deletions of the binding site on the PKHD1 promoter abolished promoter activity as assayed by a gene reporter system. To relay this information in viv...UT Southwestern researchers discover link that could aid in treatment of kidney cyst diseases
...s in HNF-1, the cause of MODY5, interfere with the transcription of PKHD1, a gene known to be mutated in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease," said Dr. Thomas Hiesberger, assistant professor of internal medicine and the study's lead author. "This link may allow for similar future therapeutic approaches f...Gene variants may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
...gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), a transcription factor that acts as a "master switch" regulating t...orkers examined the genes regulated by several HNF transcription factors. They found HNF4A to be a highly active transcription factor, regulating a surprising numbe......ation, by developing separate systems for studying transcription or translation. Now, researchers at Cold Spring Ha...ble to simultaneously track all of the products of transcription and translation as they are produced and move throughout living cells. Spector and his colleagues ha...New genomics tool boosts diabetes research
...tween genes and disease are gene regulators called transcription factors, proteins that bind to specific areas of t...witch genes on and off. To discover how a specific transcription factor might contribute to a particular disease, scientists must locate each point in the genome whe...Biochemical clues to long lifespan revealed
...ks by regulating a group of proteins known as FOXO transcription factors. FOXO proteins have also been linked with longevity; they control the expression of genes that regulate cell suicide, and also enable the cell to resist oxidative stress, or chemical stresses that can disrupt the cell's DNA, or genetic bluep...Study in worms shows how genes linked to complexity in animals
...ot sure how," Chamberlin said. "Lin-48 itself is a transcription factor it turns on other genes that theoretically help C. elegans handle excessive levels of salt. But we don't know what other genes it affects. "Differences in gene expression contribute to structural and functional differences between specie...Equine cloning's triple play sheds light on calcium, cell signaling, human disease
...processes as diverse as gene transcription, muscle transcription and cell proliferation, Woods noted. A breakdown in calcium regulation is implicated in diseases ranging from cancer to diabetes, heart disease and neurological disorders....Structure solved by Scripps scientists shows one way that body controls gene expression
...ated feedback mechanisms. Shutting off the transcription of a gene -- the process whereby a single-stranded piece of messenger RNA(mRNA) is made from a double-stranded piece of DNA -- has for decades been recognized by molecular andcell biologists as a crucial way the cell regulates the expression of a gen...