Friendly bacteria block HIV infection
...ptors. The researchers observed that immune cells trapped by lactobacilli formed a clump. That configuration would be expected to immobilize any immune cells harboring HIV and prevent them from infecting other cells. While HIV exist as many subtypes because of frequent mutations, posing a challenge for vac...Antibiotics alter GI tract microbes and increase lung sensitivity to allergens
...dust and spores before they enter the lungs. These trapped particles are swept into the stomach with saliva and mucus as you swallow. "Anything you inhale, you also swallow," Huffnagle says. "So the immune cells in your GI tract are exposed directly to airborne allergens and particulates. This triggers a re...Small, cold, & hungry: Ultra-small microbes from 120,000-year-old glacier ice sample
...ottom of the glacier, the microbes could have been trapped there for perhaps millions of years. "We are particularly interested in the formation of ultra-small cells as one possible stress-survival mechanism, whether they are starved minute forms of known normal-sized microbes or intrinsically dwarf novel ...Discovery of tiny microbes in ancient Greenland glacier may define limits for life on Earth
...ottom of the glacier, the microbes could have been trapped there for perhaps millions of years. "We are particularly interested in the formation of ultra-small cells as one possible stress-survival mechanism, whether they are starved minute forms of known normal-sized microbes or intrinsically dwarf novel o...Trapping carbon in soil key for protecting global food security, dealing with climate change
...ons more than 171 trillion pounds of carbon once trapped in the soil have been lost to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). "Converting natural ecosystems to fields for crop production and pastures depletes a soil's carbon content by as much as 75 percent," Lal said. "And the amount of carbo...'Extinct' bird rediscovered in Mexico
...tat, still remain, and the birds are not hunted or trapped for the pet trade. Formal protection and management of Cozumel's habitat could benefit other species on the island, including two other endemic bird species, fifteen endemic bird subspecies, and at least three endemic and threatened mammal species. T...Protein is key to fatal disorder and normal cell function
... mutant patient cells, both cln3 and GalCer remain trapped in the Golgi and never move into the cell's plasma membrane, the Duke team discovered. With GalCer missing from the lipid platforms at the cell surface, apoptosis is inappropriately initiated and proceeds uncontrolled, resulting in death of brain cel......culates that the detergent material has some water trapped within it, similar to the way plant seeds hoard oils that maintain the seeds' integrity in dry conditions. BUILDING THE SANDWICH The bottom layer of the molecular electronic device is transparent glass coated with a conductive material. ...