JCI table of contents: Aug. 9, 2007
... ... Signals downstream of the receptor for TSH had been thought to be mediated mainly by a protein complex kn...JCI table of contents: August 1, 2007
... ... In a study that appea...JCI table of contents -- July 26, 2007
... ... One potent, immune-based treatment for cancer is total body irradiation (TBI). This approach first depletes the body of the population of immune cells known as lymphocytes and then involves the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells to the patient. Lymphodepletion has previously been shown to improve the ability of tumor-specific T cells to cause tumor regression. In a study appea...JCI table of contents: July 19, 2007
... ... Mucins are large proteins that are secreted on the surface of the gut, and while long regarded as having a role as a barrier to mucosal infection, data to support this theory have been lacking. In a study appearing online on July 19 in advance of publication in the August print issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Michael McGuckin and colleagues from the University of Queens...JCI table of contents: July 12, 2007
... ... Estrogen, which binds estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha), is a risk factor for breast cancer development. However, one-third of new breast cancers lack detectable ER-alpha. These ER-alphanegative cancers are more aggressive and have a worse prognosis than do ER-alphapositive breast cancers, and have been thought to be estrogen independent. In a study appearing online on July 12 in adva...JCI Table of Contents -- July 2, 2007
... ... ... Mutations in the...JCI table of contents: June 21, 2007
... While many genetic mutations are known to predispose to cancer, it has re...JCI table of contents: June 14, 2007
... ... ... Pneumococcal meningitis involves inflammation of...JCI table of contents: January 25, 2006
... Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes degeneration of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, leading to various symptoms including muscle weakness and pain. Most individuals with MS go through cycles of disease and remission, leading to the suggestion that there are regulatory mechanisms that counter the disease-causing inflammation. Using a mouse model of...JCI table of contents November, 2005
...Have a taste for fat? Yes! A sensor in the mouth promotes preference for fatty foods ...... The sense of taste informs the organism about the quality of ingested food. It comprises five sub-modalities that perceive sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami stimuli. The possibility for an additional taste modality directed to lipid has often been suggested because many animals exhibit a spontaneo...JCI table of contents -- June 1, 2007
... ... Some researchers have hypothesized that the fetus can be exposed to and mount an immune response against allergens to which the mother has been exposed, and this may have an effect on the development of allergic sensitivity (e.g. eczema and asthma) later in an infants life. However this hypothesis has remained controversial because of an inability to detect antigen-specific T cells in...JCI table of contents: May 24, 2007
... ... In Crohn's disease, the lining of the small intestine is abnormally colonized by E. coli organisms that are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. In a study appearing online on May 24 in advance of publication in the June print issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud and colleagues from Universit dAuvergne, France, show that the ad...JCI table of contents -- April 19, 2007
... ... The cancerous cells of some individuals with breast cancer lack expression of two cell surface proteins, the estrogen and progesterone receptors, and do not express increased amounts of HER2. Individuals with such breast cancer (known as triple-negative breast cancer) do not respond to treatment with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and their prognosis is relatively poor. But now,...JCI table of contents: April 12, 2007
... Individuals who inherit two mutant copies of any one of about 12 genes that make the proteins of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway develop FA, which is characterized by increased incidence of cancer and bone marrow failure, among other things. However, individuals with just a single mutant copy of one of these genes are also at increased risk of developing cancer. This occurs when the remaini...JCI table of contents -- April 5, 2007
... ... In the study, which appears online on April 5 in advance of publication in the May print issue of the Journal...JCI table of contents: April 2, 2007
... Treatment with insulin revolutionized the life of individuals with diabetes. However, because insulin acts to lower blood glucose levels, it can cause hypoglycemia (low levels of glucose in the blood), which, if prolonged, can lead to brain injury and coma. Although most brain defects can be corrected by restoring blood glucose levels to normal, extremely prolonged hypoglycemia can cause the...JCI table of contents -- March 22, 2007
... ... Glucocorticoids are still widely used in obstetric practice. So, Jonathan Seckl and colleagues set out to determine the relevance to human pregnancy of...JCI table of contents: March 15, 2007
... ... In the study, which appears online on March 15 in advance of publication in the April print issue of the...JCI table of contents -- March 8, 2006
... The protein p53 suppresses tumor development by potently inducing tumor cell death, making it an obvious target for anticancer therapeutics. However, this therapeutic approach is confounded by the fact that genetic mutations cause loss or inactivation of p53 in approximately 50% of human cancers. As the p53-related protein p73, which can also induce tumor cell death, is rarely mutated in hu...JCI table of contents -- March 1, 2007
... ... Lester Kobzik and colleagues observed that immune cells in the lungs (known as alveol...JCI table of contents -- February 22, 2006
... ... In a study that appears online on February 22 in ad...JCI table of contents: February 15, 2006
... ... A hallmark of AD is the abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) proteins resulting in the formation of neu...JCI table of contents -- February 8, 2006
... ... In a study appearing online on February 8 in advance of publication in the March print issue of the Journal of Cl...JCI table of contents: Feb. 1, 2007
... ... Iloprost is a stable analog of the naturally occurring soluble factor PGI2. It is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension because it cau...JCI table of contents: Jan. 18, 2007
... ... In the s...JCI table of contents -- January 11, 2006
... In humans, mutation of the gene encoding a protein known as WASp leads to susceptibility to infections and systemic autoimmunity. Most studies have focused on understanding the defects in T cell activation caused by the WASp deficiency, but researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle have now found that in mice and humans a population of T cells known as regulatory T cells (Treg)...JCI table of contents: January 2, 2007
... ... The group of drugs known as beta blockers help slow nerve impulses traveling through the heart in order to reduce the heart's workload. This effect is achieved via their action on beta-adrenergic receptors present in cardiac cells. As such, beta blockers have become a mainstay of the treatment regimen for chronic heart failure. However, doctors have remained puzzled by the variable res...JCI table of contents: Dec. 21, 2006
... ... In a study appearing online on December 21, in ad...JCI table of contents: December 14, 2006
... Alzheimers disease (AD) is one of a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which brain cells damaged by naturally occurring chemicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been observed. However, whether this oxidative damage causes neurodegeneration or is a consequence of it has not been previously determined. A study appearing online on December 14, in advance of publication in th...JCI table of contents: December 7, 2006
... Although the soluble factor TGF-beta has been shown to suppress the growth of tumor cells in the early stages of breast cancer, high levels of TGF-beta during the later stages of the disease are associated with a poor outcome. A study using human breast cancer samples and mice, which appears online on December 7 in advance of publication in the January print issue of the Journal of Clinical...JCI table of contents: December 1, 2006
... ... In a study appearing in...JCI table of contents: November 16, 2006
... Many diseases of the eye (such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and diabetic retinopathy) that result in loss of vision are the result of the growth of abnormal blood vessels that leak and bleed. Current treatments are designed to prevent the growth of these abnormal blood vessels. However, the authors of a study using a mouse model of retinopathy suggest that an alternative treatment st...JCI table of contents: November 9, 2006
... ... In a study that appears online on November 9, in advance of publicati...JCI table of contents: Nov. 1, 2006
... ... To gain insight into the function of GBA2, David Russell and colleagues ge...JCI table of contents: October 19, 2006
EDITOR'S PICK: ... ... ... Now, in a st...JCI table of contents: Oct. 12, 2006
... ... The muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic and hereditary diseases in which patients experience skeletal muscle weakness due to wasting and loss of muscle fibers. However, the signaling pathways involved in muscle wasting have remained elusive. Researchers have begun to focus on the potential role of proteins known as caveolins in muscle wasting. Caveolins come together to form a sc...JCI table of contents: Oct. 5, 2006
... Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although IBD is thought to be caused by an inappropriate immune response to the bacteria living naturally in the gut, exactly how bacteria trigger this response is not known. Now, in a study appearing online on October 5 in advance of publication in the November print issue of the Journal of...JCI table of contents: Oct. 2, 2006
... Infection with Entercoccus faecalis can cause bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves that if not treated with antibiotics results in death. The number of infections with antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis is increasing. So, researchers are looking for alternative strategies for treating individuals who become infected with this bacterium. Now, in a study appearing in the Octo...... It is only very late in pregnancy that the lungs of the fetus complete their development so that the fetus will be able to breathe air when it is born. As a result, many premature babies suffer from the potentially life threatening respiratory distress syndrome. The proteins that control the final stages of lung development have not been identified. Now, in a study appearing online on Septe...... ... Altho...