Researchers find new clues to biochemistry of 'anti-aging'
...ct effect on mammalian cells, in which the enzymes activate AceCS metabolic enzymes. "This would be the easiest target, or hot spot, to aim for in developing a small molecule drug that could stimulate this process," Denu says....JCI Table of Contents, June 15 2006
...without the presence of microbes, is sufficient to activate defense mechanisms in the skin that can prevent microbial growth and related harmful skin infections. TITLE: Injury-induced innate immune response in human skin is mediated by transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor AUTHOR CONTACT: Ol...Calorie restriction may prevent Alzheimer's through promotion of longevity program in the brain
...main characteristic of AD). Beta-amyloid peptides activate SIRT1, a member of a broad family of proteins known as sirtuins which influence a variety of functions including metabolism and aging. Dr. Pasinetti and colleagues used an experimental mouse model to demonstrate that beta-amyloid peptides in the brai...Activation of microRNA inhibits cancer gene in human cancer cells
...ng genes when a newly discovered method is used to activate the expression of protective microRNAs in the cancer cell genome. The research, published in the June issue of Cancer Cell, demonstrates that agents known to regulate gene expression can also impact regulatory RNAs that may function as tumor suppress...Salk scientists get to the root of plant cell fate
...of transcription factors, which act as switches to activate target genes. Transcription factors control gene activity by binding to DNA sequences adjacent to a gene, but they are deactivated when they recruit and interact with co-repressors. Long explains that the normal function of TOPLESS protein is to sile...Other highlights in the June 7 JNCI
... cancer cells. These genes encode for enzymes that activate plasminogen, an enzyme that helps break down blood clots. Mice inserted with the mammary cells overexpressing tPA and uPA showed increased inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in the lungs. When mammary cancer cells carried uPA genes with mutati...JCI table of contents, May 18, 2006
...ill it by releasing proinflammatory cytokines that activate the immune response. In a study appearing online o...sion of alphavbeta6 is not by itself sufficient to activate TGF-beta and that signals induced by tissue injury must induce activation, the mechanisms by which t...Bedsores and bald hides: Novel roles revealed for a 'scaffolding' protein
...ma) not only binds to K17, but has been thought to activate the Akt/mTOR pathway to increase protein synthesis...hysically interact with a protein that is known to activate cell death and prevent follicle cells from dying before they finish their growth phase. "The cell d...News tips from The Journal of Neuroscience
...ty transcutaneous stimulation (TCS) to selectively activate CMH nociceptors, and stronger intracutaneous stimulation (ICS) to activate CM i neurons. The subjects described TCS-induced pain as "stinging" and ICS-induced pain as "deep,"...New study reveals signaling pathways required for expansion of pancreas stem cells
...t also required that we understand the 'cues' that activate stem cells to turn into insulin-producing beta cells," says Nora Sarvetnick, Ph.D., a Scripps Research professor in the Department of Immunology. The overall goal of this five-year study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, was to discover ...Factor isolated that regenerates nerve fibers
...o get really strong regeneration, you also have to activate nerve cells' intrinsic growth state."...Study shows frogs can play key role in stem cell research
...ut perform the same function both bind to DNA and activate certain genes that keep stem cells dividing. Indeed, embryonic stem cells lacking the Oct4 protein stop dividing and become specialised. In the study, Dr Gillian Morrison introduced frog PouV proteins into mouse embryonic stem cells lacking Oct4 and...Joslin-led study reveals new findings on insulin signaling in the liver
...he researchers discovered that mice that could not activate the protein kinase Akt had increased glucose production in the liver, impaired glucose tolerance, and increased levels of insulin in the blood, all contributors to type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, those mice with defects in the atypical forms of t...Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown
...h the mutations found in patients with CDS fail to activate ATGL, they found. Moreover, the joint expression of CGI-58 and ATGL limits lipid accumulation in cultured cells, while treatments that block CGI-58 in fat cells inhibit the removal of stored triglycerides. Finally, the addition of normal CGI-58 in ce...Selectively blocking inflammatory signals may protect mice from MS
...that interferon-gamma -- a chemical signal used to activate the immune system -- plays a critical role in damaging the cells that produce myelin, the protective coating that lines healthy nerves. Interferon not only leaves these cells, called oligodendrocytes, incapable of repairing the damage but can also k...Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out
...n the waving branches or "dendrites" of the DC to activate the immune system's killer T cells. These activated T cells then eliminate the existing infection and resist any future attack by memorizing that infection. DC also have an important educative role to play in preventing autoimmune diseases, such as ...No-mow grass may be coming to your yard soon
... alter the ability of key proteins to dimerize and activate gene expression within a cell's nucleus. In plants, there are scores of genes involved in growth and development that can be influenced by brassinosteroids, Chory noted. "Many of these genes are predicted to be involved in growth, like cell wall me...Five Spanish hospitals in international phase III trial with H5N1 influenza pandemic vaccine
...it only contains parts of the viral proteins which activate our immune system. Since no complete virus is administrated, it is impossible that this vaccine could cause influenza. The vaccine includes an adjuvant, similar to that used by GSK in the malaria vaccine that Hospital Clnic is testing in Mozambique, ...'Cellular antennae' on algae give clues to how human cells receive signals
...respond to the signaling molecules. The failure to activate the chain of chemical reactions indicated that IFT was necessary for this function. Analysis showed that the cilia signaling process was similar to that found in human cells, such as those in the nose involved in the sense of smell and those in the ...Salk scientists untangle steroid hormone signaling in plants
... still thought to inactivate BIN2 and reciprocally activate BES1, but instead of freeing BES1 to shuttle into the nucleus, it is now clear that the crucial activation step occurs in the nucleus where BES1 is already poised for action. Once released from BIN2 inhibition, BES1 associates with itself and other r...