Breast cancer risk increased for African-Americans with mitochondrial DNA variant
...H dehydrogenase. In its changed state, however, an adenine is substituted for a guanine in the DNA structure, resulting in the enzyme containing the amino acid threonine instead of an alanine. The clinical implication of this seemingly trivial alteration is profound. Among the greater population of humans, ...New tool to study elusive DNA structure could help reveal better understanding of cancer, diabetes
...s a double-stranded helix of complementary bases: adenine binds to thymine and cytosine binds to guanine. "Our focus is on a different type of DNA structure, the 'G-quartet,' that arises from hydrogen bonds between guanines only," says Linda McGown, professor and chair of the Department of Chemistry and Che...Insight into cell metabolism will help interpret PETs, MRIs
...l metabolism -- how the compound beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) interacts in the mitochondria. The researchers discovered that some molecules of NADH are bound to other molecules in the mitochondria, while some are free in two different conformations. Whether NADH is bound or free affects how ...Scientists take aim at virulent bacteria by decoding machinery of key control enzyme
...nown for many years that an enzyme called Dam (DNA adenine methyltransferase) plays a role in regulating gene expression in many bacteria. Each time the bacteria reproduce, Dam modifies the A (adenine) nucleotide in the DNA sequence GATC through a chemical reaction known as methylation. Methylation is a bi...'Second messenger' NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle
...ntroversial natural molecule called nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which is active in cells from plants to humans. NAADP is thought to be a so-called "second messenger," because it works from inside cells, rather than externally. However its mode operation remains unknown and controv...Diabetic damage to eyes, heart, nerves, kidneys may be explained by controversial theory
...ble transformation between two forms, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADH (NAD plus H, or one atom of hydrogen). Cells transform NAD into NADH when they transfer electrons and protons from the sugar glucose to NAD during an energy-making process called glycolysis. This process doesn't requir...... One way bcl-2 levels are controlled is through an adenine and uracil-rich sequence of nucleotides in the 3' ...ause the region is composed mostly of cytosine and adenine repeats, they named it the CA-repeated Region (CAR). The discovery of a new region on the bcl-2 gen...