Rise of dinosaurs in Late Triassic more gradual than once thought
...g mammals, lizards, crocodiles, turtles and frogs, arose in the Late Triassic, between 235 and 200 million years ago, but it was only in the Jurassic period 200-120 million years ago that dinosaurs dominated the planet and all their predecessors vanished. Fossils of Late Triassic dinosaurs are thus rare, a...Clues to future evolution of HIV come from African green monkeys
...cies. Wertheim and Worobey suggest various SIVs arose because SIVs were transmitted horizontally, betwee...host-specific form only after transmission. HIV arose from chimpanzee SIV that was transmitted to humans, probably when people had contact with chimpanzee...Kaposi sarcoma arises independently from multiple cells
...chers found evidence that nearly 80% of the tumors arose independently from multiple cells. They concluded that few Kaposi sarcoma tumors originate from a single cell and that Kaposi sarcoma, especially in its advanced form, is not true metastatic cancer. In an accompanying editorial, Parkash Gill, M.D....News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
... grew into the spinal cord. This defect apparently arose from loss of negative or repulsive signaling by DR...ate pursuit, whereas noise in the initiation phase arose from visual processing. The NF1 Protein and Long-Term Memory in the Fly Ivan Shun Ho, Frances ...American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- June 13, 2007
... notes that concerns about counterfeit ingredients arose after recent scandals involving Chinese food and drug ingredients. In one incident, media reports said that an over-the-counter cough syrup formulated with a counterfeit Chinese ingredient killed dozens of people in Panama last November. It is unli...454 sequencing identifies HIV drug resistance at early stage
...d with a drug resistant HIV strain or if mutations arose in response to treatment. This research project examined samples from 258 subjects of the FIRST study, a large multi-center study conducted in the US comparing three different approaches to antiretroviral therapy. The FIRST study, which lasted 5 y...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...vast majority of spike-and-wave discharge activity arose from the face area of the somatosensory cortex. The authors next made intracellular recordings from neurons in each layer of the S1 somatosensory cortex. Compared with neurons in the upper layers, layer 5/6 neurons were consistently more depolarized ...Caribbean frog populations started with single, ancient voyage on South American raft
...rican relatives of these Caribbean amphibians also arose from a single species that arrived by raft from South America. "This discovery is surprising because no previous theories of how the frogs arrived had predicted a single origin for Caribbean terrestrial frogs, and because groups of close relatives ...Caribbean frogs started with a single, ancient voyage on a raft from South America
...rican relatives of these Caribbean amphibians also arose from a single species that arrived by raft from South America. "This discovery is surprising because no previous theories of how the frogs arrived had predicted a single origin for Caribbean terrestrial frogs and because groups of close relatives r...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...neural tubes to close (exencephaly). These defects arose from retarded GPC proliferation and migration. Hypertrophied ventricular zones of all Plxnb2 -/- mice, even the small proportion without exencephaly, indicated reduced neuroblast proliferation. Although there was some overlap in the distribution of...Spud origin controversy solved
...the Andean hypothesis supposed that these potatoes arose from crosses with Chilean potatoes as breeding stock after the Irish potato famine in the 1840s. Using molecular markers, the scientists found that the Canary Island landraces possessed both Andean and Chilean types, as well as possible hybrids of ...Researchers publish first marsupial genome sequence
...of the key functional elements in the human genome arose during this relatively recent evolutionary period. By focusing on the recent genetic innovations, the scientists made two major findings: First, the vast majority (about 95 percent) of recent genetic innovation lies not in protein-coding genes,...Unicellular microRNA discovery
...cellular organisms suggests that the miRNA pathway arose before these lineages split, the lack of universally conserved miRNA genes in algae, plants and animals suggests that they may have evolved independently....Cancer scientists create 'human' leukemia process to map how disease begins, progresses
... the leukemia gene we were using, the disease only arose from immature stem and progenitor cells. The leukemic stem cells that were created seemed to change as the human leukemia was grown for longer times in a series of transplanted mice. Our findings of how these leukemic stem cells functioned could expl...Ancient amphibians evolved a bite before migrating to dry land
...lysis of the skulls of the first amphibians, which arose 375 million years ago, and their fish ancestors. The shapes of the junctions between adjacent skull bones -- termed "sutures" -- in the tops of these fish and amphibian skulls reveal how these extinct animals captured prey, say authors Molly J. Marke......y." The genetic instructions to make dogs small arose either because "a small wolf couldnt survive in nature, but it could survive in company with humans" or because an early human "wanted to domesticate a wolf and they didnt want to adopt a big sucker" due to confined quarters in early cities, he adds....Getting dirty may lift your mood
...me playing in the dirt." Interest in the project arose after human cancer patients being treated with the bacteria Mycobacterium vaccae unexpectedly reported increases in their quality of life. Lowry and his colleagues reasoned that this effect could be caused by activation of neurons in the brain that c...Omega-3 fatty acids affect risk of depression, inflammation
...encing real depression, not those whose depression arose as a part of some experiment, and we could clearly see a relationship between lower omega-3 fatty acids and certain markers of depression and inflammation." Belury said that current recommendations allow up to two servings each week of cold-water f...Despite their heft, many dinosaurs had surprisingly tiny genomes
..."In fact, our work shows these streamlined genomes arose long before the first birds and flight, and can be added to the list of dinosaur traits previously thought to be found only in modern birds, including feathers, pulmonary innovations, and parental care and nesting." Other researchers had previously...After scrutiny, preemie lung treatments turn out to be safe, effective
...s a better chance of survival." Before concerns arose in 2000 about safety of multiple courses of steroids, many mothers in on-and-off preterm labor received several rounds before delivering. Now, when mothers go into preterm labor, obstetricians will often administer only a single course of steroids to...