Earliest fungi may have found multiple solutions to propagation on land, new study infers
...nd animals split off from other eukaryotes about 1 billion years ago, while fungi and plants separated about 600 million years ago. With fossil evidence for fungi practically nonexistent, scientists have had to rely on "molecular data" to make such estimates, Vilgalys said, referring to studies that compar...Gene therapy research switches off joint inflammation; switches on genetic process of joint repair
...e natural product approach to joint health with $1 billion in annual sales but recent studies have questioned its effectiveness. There are no therapies on the market today that work by activating the genes that control the process of joint repair. Reparagens approach is unique, in that it switches off the g...Learning to live with oxygen on early Earth
...g that microbes adapted to living with oxygen 2.72 billion years ago, at least 300 million years before the r...16th. It is generally believed that before 2.4 billion years ago, Earth's atmosphere was essentially devoid of oxygen. Exactly when and how oxygen-producin...Northern bogs may have helped kick-start past global warming
... time, methane levels hovered around 360 parts per billion by volume and the Earth was still in a deep freeze...matically and methane levels rose to 750 parts per billion by volume -- a level they would not reach again until the Industrial Revolution. Temperatures over G...ASU discovery may aid counter-terrorism efforts
...mine (HMTD), in trace amounts down to the part per billion level. The approach, which is safe, irradiates these explosives with ultraviolet light, converting the TATP and HMTD into hydrogen peroxide. While a UV lamp system provides results in five minutes, the higher intensity laser irradiation greatly r...Algae provide new clues to cancer
...t's been controlling cell division for well over a billion years. As multicellular organisms evolved, the RB pathway was co-opted to integrate growth factor signals, but its original purpose in single cells was more fundamental: to couple cell size to cell cycle progression," he adds. Recently, evidence h...Nano competition debuts at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
...struction of the Spallation Neutron Source, a $1.4 billion facility that allows scientists to examine the structure and properties of materials at a molecular level using powerful beams of neutrons. Next door, the recently finished $65 million Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences provides world-class inst...Most important actors in the growth process of neurons identified
...complex networkA human being has approximately 100 billion neurons, the body's information and signal processors. The great majority of them are found in the central nervous system. The brain contains complex networks of neurons that regulate a large number of bodily functions. Because the brain and the nerv...Scientists win grants to develop $1,000 genome sequencing technology
...echnologies to simultaneously sequence more than 1 billion individual pieces of DNA attached to the surface o...ators will attempt to demonstrate that more than 1 billion individual DNA molecules can be sequenced simultaneously....ACS News Service Weekly PressPac -- Oct. 4, 2006
..., the Federal Government has poured more than $6.5 billion into nanoscience research. ARTICLE #6 EMBARGOED FOR 9:30 A.M. EASTERN TIME OCT. 9 "The World According to Rick: How Richard Smalley laid the foundation for nanotechnology as we know it and then tried to save the world" For Full Text Contact: Mic......ding to university. The results show that with 2.6 billion euros, the majority of the funding for universitie...ng, process engineering and material sciences (1.2 billion euros). A total of 440 million euros went to the humanities, and 696 million euros went to the socia......dented biodefence effort. To date it has spent $44 billion three-quarters of it aimed at protecting civilian...r potential bioweapons. Project BioShield has $5.6 billion to spend by 2014 on drugs to be stored in what is known as the strategic National stockpile. Yet, co...NHGRI aims to make DNA sequencing faster, more cost effective
...r, it still costs around $10 million to sequence 3 billion base pairs the amount of DNA found in the genomes...gator will attempt to demonstrate that more than 1 billion individual DNA molecules can be sequenced in massive parallel though a process involving cyclic sequ...Genome archaeology illuminates the genetic engineering debate
...inates domestic agriculture, where approximately 9 billion bushels are produced annually at a value of $30 billion. Corn is an important dietary staple in much of the third world and a bio-fuel source; rice is the primary dietary staple for more than half the world's population. Scientists have long known...New wood-plastic composites to boost industry, help use waste products
...uch as those found in old carpet fibers about 4.4 billion pounds of which are now wasted every year, going into landfills where they are extremely slow to biodegrade and pose a significant waste disposal problem. They could also open the door for improved utilization of low-grade woody biomass from needed t...UGA researchers discover cell-wall carbohydrate that is crucial to anthrax bacterium
...federal government began Project BioShield, a $5.6 billion initiative, even before the last anthrax letter was delivered in 2001. Still, a New York Times story on September 18 reported that despite a $900 million "push to add a new anthrax vaccine to the stockpile," there have been setbacks. The Times report...Study of toxins in Houston air warrants new standards
...tration of 1,3-butadiene in Houston is 4 parts per billion (ppb) higher than any other city referenced in the report and about 20 times higher than Los Angeles, whose 0.2 ppb was the next highest in the report. 1,3-butadiene is a product of petrochemical manufacturing and is present in motor-vehicle exhaust...How nature tinkers with the cellular clock
...nts of the cell cycle have been conserved over one billion years, the temporal regulation of this process has evolved remarkably fast. The cell cycle is so fundamental for a cell that its machinery has been almost entirely conserved through evolution. Crucial components are made only at specific times to en...Bacterial protein shows promise in treating intestinal parasites
...em in developing countries. Many of the nearly two billion people worldwide infected with these intestinal parasites are children, who are at particular risk for anemia, malnutrition and delayed growth. The UCSD-Yale team found that a protein produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, given ......icant part of Canada's economy, contributing $37.6 billion to the gross domestic product and providing more than 339,000 direct jobs in 2005. The report contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on Canada's forest and forest sector. It profiles the accomplishments of this sector throughout t...