Tiny particles could solve billion-dollar problem
...anup costs for TCE nationwide are estimated in the billions of dollars. The Department of Defense alone estimates the cost of bringing its 1,400 TCE-contaminated sites into EPA compliance at more than $5 billion. The typical approach to getting rid of TCE involves pumping polluted groundwater to the surface, ...New lab technique identifies high levels of pathogens in therapy pool
...gues using the same molecular technique found that billions of microbes, in the form of "soap scum," can be found in a one-inch-square section of a normal home shower curtain....Children's Hospital & Research Ctr. at Oakland's DNA library helps to map the sex chromosome
...ria are then tricked into reproducing and generate billions of identical bacterial cells containing the same human DNA strand and are now present in colonies. Each colony represents one type of DNA fragment. The genetic information of the genes is derived through the analysis of these fragments in a process k...U. of Colorado study shows early Earth atmosphere hydrogen-rich, favorable to life
...ng hydrogen escape from Earth's atmosphere several billions of years ago are flawed. The new study indicates up to 40 percent of the early atmosphere was hydrogen, implying a more favorable climate for the production of pre-biotic organic compounds like amino acids, and ultimately, life. The paper was autho...21-22 April AAAS forum to discuss Pentagon R&D spending, other policy issues
...or computer science research. Congress has added billions to Defense Department science and technology requests in the past, and could do so again this year. Members of key congressional committees already have expressed concern about the Administration's proposals overall for spending related to science an...UK physics conference to reveal breakthrough isolating stem cells from blood
... light has been travelling across the universe for billions of years, and seems to show that the fine structure constant, often known as "alpha", may be varying over time....Carbon dioxide role in past climate revealed
...ercomputer based at Manchester. This is capable of billions of calculations per second....Now scientists think you'd be 'roasted' in a black hole
...for a supermassive black hole weighing millions or billions of suns, explains Professor Hamilton, the tidal forces which cause spaghettification are relatively weak. You would instead be roasted by the heat of the plasma. Professor Andrew Hamilton is Professor of Astrophysics at the Department of Astrophysica...Putting ecology back into river restoration
...he United Nations Environment Programme. Although billions of dollars are spent on river restoration projects worldwide, little agreement exists on how their success is measured. According to lead author Dr Margaret Palmer of the University of Maryland: "Given the rapid rate of global degradation of fresh wa...Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?
Nervous system development requires billions of neurons to migrate to the appropriate locations in the brain and grow nerve fibers (axons) that connect to other nerve cells in an intricate network. Growth cones, structures in the tips of growing axons, are responsible for steering axons in the...A puzzle piece found in unraveling the wiring of the brain
...brain and, more specifically, how nerve cells form billions of contacts when there are fewer than 30,000 human genes is still a scientific mystery. A team headed by Drs. Robin Hiesinger and Hugo J. Bellen at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston have unraveled a piece of that puzzle by finding a gene that pl...By harnessing the efforts of billions of bacteria, researchers have engineered a bio-filtration system that produces hydrogen gas while cleaning wastewater gas that could potentially fuel other machines. Up to 100 percent more efficient at producing hydrogen than similar bio-filtration...Programmable cells: Engineer turns bacteria into living computers
...s to programming a large collection -- millions or billions -- of cells to do interesting things," said Ron Weiss, an assistant professor of electrical engineering and molecular biology. Collaborating with researchers at the California Institute of Technology, Weiss and graduate student Subhayu Basu programme...Real time microscopy tracks the course of developing T cells
...e, the mammalian adaptive immune system churns out billions of T cells a day. Precursor T cells originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus, where the immune mettle of the developing T cell, now called a thymocyte, is tested by a selection process that only about 1% will survive. In their new study...Scientists reveal how disease bacterium survives inside immune system cell
...t cellular component of the human immune system -- billions exist inside each human. Typically, neutrophils ingest and then kill harmful bacteria by producing molecules that are toxic to cells, including a bleach-like substance called hypochlorous acid. Once the bacteria are killed, the involved neutrophils ...Rice, Iowa state biologists search for 'half-fusion'
...University. "It begins at fertilization and occurs billions of times a second in our bodies, and if it ever stops, we die." For example, inside the cells in our brains, spines and nerves, membranes are used to seal up and transport tiny packets of signaling chemicals from the center of the cell to the outer c...Two new retrovirusestransmitted from animalsidentified
...rom primate origins has cost millions of lives and billions of dollars. The discoveries of HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 show that, far from being rare events, retroviruses are actively crossing into human populations," said the study's lead author Nathan Wolfe, ScD, assistant professor in the Department of Epidemiology ...To stop evolution: New way of fighting antibiotic resistance demonstrated by Scripps scientists
...on machinery is perfect, and with large genomes of billions of bases of DNA to be copied many billions of times over the lifetime of an organism, a certain level of spontaneous mutations will occur -- mi...Researchers find gene that may be at root of potato blight
...damage throughout the modern world on the order of billions of dollars each year. The scientists describe the gene, called Avr3a, in a study that appears online in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers call Avr3a an avirulence gene. This gene is the first avir......protein envelope protecting DNA in viruses evolved billions of years ago from a common ancestor and uses the same basic protein "fold" to construct the critical outer shell. The most recent findings, which appear in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that the T4 vir...