Carnegie Mellon researchers urge regulators to rethink strategies for soot emission
...ze that complexity has been masking our ability to calculate how big a role greenhouse gases have played in inducing global warming," said Donahue. "Moreover, the new mechanism we found changes the chemical properties of particles, making them more likely to participate in cloud formation. Therefore, particula...Computer-designed molecule to clean up fluorocarbons?
...ecule that binds to and extracts chlorine ions, to calculate the make-up and geometry of the critical "active site" in the enzyme that does the work. They then designed in software a large ring-shaped molecule to hold those components in just the right orientation to break the C-F bond in methyl fluoride, a si...Walking tall: UH student working on space suit redesign for NASA
...stronauts worked on the lunar surface, was used to calculate the amount of energy expelled while walking on the moon. Scott-Pandorf said this is valuable information that will help NASA officials decide how much is too much to include on an astronaut's space suit. "I can't tell you how many times I watched ...World's oldest rocks show how Earth may have dodged frozen fate of Mars
...rock, said Mojzsis. The technique allowed them to calculate the geologic age of the crystals based on the radioactive decay rate of the uranium and lead isotopes in relation to each other, a technique known to be accurate to 1 percent or less. "Zircon is nature's best timekeeper," said Mojzsis. "The test...Dig deeper to find Martian life
...ombined with the annual radiation doses on Mars to calculate the survival time of dormant populations of the cells. Some strains are radiation-resistant and are able to survive the effects because, when active, they successfully repair the DNA breaks caused by ionising radiation. However, when cells are dorman...Rotting leaf litter study could lead to more accurate climate models
... produce an elegant and simple set of equations to calculate the nitrogen released into the soil during decomposition, which in turn could significantly improve the accuracy of global climate change models. The researchers found that the dominant drivers of nitrogen release were the initial concentration of n...ORNL researchers, supercomputer have large roles in DOE projects
...arded 5 million processor hours on Jaguar, aims to calculate the physical properties of nuclei based on interactions among neutrons and protons. This will help scientists gain a better understanding of nuclear forces and characteristics relevant to nuclear astrophysics and other applications. Robert Harrison...NASA data helps pinpoint wildfire threats
...ric Administration weather satellites used to help calculate fire potential across much of the United States. By studying shrublands prone to wildfire in southern California, scientists found that NASA earth observations accurately detected and mapped two key factors: plant moisture and fuel condition - or gr...Smokers who cut back on cigarettes may negate benefit through 'compensatory smoking'
... The researchers created a mathematical formula to calculate the degree of smoking compensation in reducers compared with light smokers. As part of the formula, they measured a biological marker, total NNAL, which indicates the amount of exposure to the tobacco-specific lung cancer-causing agent NNK. The lig...Global warming will reduce ocean productivity, marine life
...ing these color changes from space, scientists can calculate how much phytoplankton pigment is in the water, relate this to photosynthetic rate, and correlate these changes to simultaneous changes in climate. The first climate-driven change in ocean production measured in this study occurred between 1997 and 1...Professional fasters deep under the sea floor
...orm of organic carbon compounds, it is possible to calculate that the cells could only divide every thousand years. This extremely long period for reproduction cannot be reconciled with current understanding of living cells. Jrgensen and D'Hondt are now proposing, on the basis of their data, a process which ......cers of sequestered carbon, yet they are unable to calculate or verify how much they are removing from the atmo... Michigan State University and ICRAF, can remotely calculate and verify the carbon being stored across millions of square kilometers of agricultural land and for...Stormy days ahead for coral reefs
...in and Dr Sean Connolly use mathematical models to calculate the forces that coral is subjected to by wave, storm surge or tsunami, and the probability of the colonies being ripped from the sea-bed. How coral assemblages respond to the power of the sea is essential for understanding the natural distribution ...Neanderthal genome sequencing yields surprising results and opens a new door to future studies
...mpanzee DNA but not human. "This enabled us to calculate for the first time when in pre-history Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis coalesced to a single genome," Rubin said. Comparative genomics in this study indicated that the common genetic ancestor of Neanderthal and modern humans lived about 706,......Ps in both groups of mice. Next, they were able to calculate their relative genetic locations based on how frequently they co-occur. They used this information to create a genetic map that can distinguish between two points 0.37 cM apart in HS and 0.45 cM in RI. Using their maps, Shifman and colleagues then ...End of deforestation in view? Experts advance new way to size up global forest resources
... growing stock, the researchers offer a formula to calculate atmospheric carbon being stored incrementally in the trees of a given area, knowledge critical for mitigating climate change. Says Dr. Waggoner: "A rapid forest transition at a global scale would mean that atmospheric CO2 might not rise as fast ...New study finds amniocentesis safer for pregnant women
... One of the purposes of the FASTER trial was to calculate the contemporary procedure-related loss rate after midtrimester amniocentesis using patients who were recruited for aneuploidy screening. A total of 35,003 unselected patients were enrolled between 10 3/7 and 13 6/7 weeks of pregnancy and followed un...New project on nature's 'capital'
...ral Capital Project, is an unprecedented effort to calculate the economic and other benefits nature provides to people so-called "ecosystem services" such as clean water, flood control, and climate regulation. By answering the question, "What is nature worth to people?" the Natural Capital Project highlights...Computing catches up with theory
...ibrinogen strands. It doesn't need to specifically calculate concentration or diffusion of the activa-tion factor. Yet it produces remarkably true-to-life results. In the next few years, the team will refine the model by incorporating molecular and sub-cellular details while enhancing the representation of fl......ecommend establishment of an international body to calculate mortality and monitor health of people living in all regions affected by conflict The mortality survey used well-established and scientifically proven methods for measuring mortality and disease in populations. These same survey methods were used t...