New grants bolster efforts to generate faster and cheaper tools for DNA sequencing
...nents of the ribosome the translation system that cells use to build proteins on messenger RNA templates to read out the sequence of nucleotide building blocks along that message. Any DNA molecule can be converted to such a message, so by sequencing the messenger RNA, the sequence of the DNA itself could...Penn researchers discover pathway that eliminates genetic defects in red blood cells
... identify and destroy abnormal RNAs. Mistakes in a cells reading of RNA into protein can lead to the produc...Penn group is caused by a mutation that allows the cells ribosome to read too far, making a protein that is too long. Thalassemias result from an underproduc...Identifying the mechanism behind a genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
...increased expression of TCF7L2 in pancreatic islet cells and decreased islet cell secretion of insulin. Con...s, ectopic overexpression of TCF7L2 in human islet cells decreased insulin secretion in response to exposure to glucose. This study identifies TCF7L2 type 2 ...Developing a more effective vaccine for tuberculosis
...e of Medicine, New York, show that in mice, immune cells known as CD8+ T cells are more efficiently activated by strains of M. Tuberculosis that lack a protein known as SecA2 than...JCI table of contents: August 1, 2007
...e of Medicine, New York, show that in mice, immune cells known as CD8+ T cells are more efficiently activated by strains of M. Tuberculosis that lack a protein known as SecA2 than...U-M researchers find family of 'on switches' that cause prostate cancer
...used genes then override the off switch that keeps cells from growing uncontrollably, causing prostate canc... to study the genes, proteins and other markers on cells to develop new diagnostic tests or screening tools as well as targeted treatments for cancer and oth...New study demonstrates important role of glia in circadian timing
Boston Glial cells of the nervous system, once thought to function strictly as support cells for neurons, are now thought to actively modulate them. Providing further evidence in support of thi...Forsyth scientists gain new understanding of adult stem cell regulation
...cell-cell transfer of small molecules between stem cells and their neighbors, provides an important roadmap...gap junctional signals as regulators of adult stem cells in repair of injury. Drs. Oviedo and Levin focused on direct cell-cell transfer of small molecules...Aggressive therapy best for certain AML patients
...suggests that acute leukemia patients whose cancer cells show a genetic change that usually predicts a swif...ple with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) whose cancer cells have normal-looking chromosomes and a gene mutation called MLL-PTD. Typically, these AML patients...Molecule blocks gene, sheds light on liver cancer
...f a cancer-suppressing gene, allowing liver-cancer cells to grow and spread. This molecule is a microRNA...ecently discovered class of tiny molecules used by cells to help control the kinds and amounts of proteins they make. More than 250 different microRNAs have ...Cost-effective method for gene silencing is featured in Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
...is an article that describes how to culture thymus cells from fetal mice ( http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/full/2007/16/pdb.prot4808 ). The thymus is the organ where T-cellsa principal component of the immune system in vertebratesproceed through a strictly coordinated maturation process before bein...First case of successful ovarian tissue transplantation between two, nonidentical sisters
...s HLA type showed that their genetically different cells coexisted successfully together (chimaerism) and t...row transplant and resulting mixing of the sisters cells meant that Teresas immune system would recognise Sandras ovarian tissue as self rather than foreign....Gold nanoparticles may pan out as tool for cancer diagnosis
...technique, were capable of recognizing cancer stem cells by binding to known markers on their exterior. Cancer stem cells are important to detect because they are particularly invasive and more likely than other types of c...Under magnetic force, nanoparticles may deliver gene therapy
...lionth of a millimeter). For comparison, red blood cells are ten to 100 times larger. The researchers were ...er use as a vehicle for delivering drugs, genes or cells to a target organ. This is a novel delivery system, the first to use a biodegradable, magnetically d...Nanotechnology helps scientists make bendy sensors for hydrogen vehicles
...n sensors, which are at the heart of hydrogen fuel cells used in hydrogen vehicles. In comparison to previously designed hydrogen sensors, which are rigid and use expensive, pure palladium, the new sensors are bendy and use single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to improve efficiency and reduce cost. The...New UD tissue-engineering research focuses on vocal cords
...linary research team in determining how vocal cord cells respond to mechanical forces, which is the first s...from a combination of vocal fold connective tissue cells (fibroblasts), artificial extracellular matrix, and biological cues and mechanical stimuli that capt...Discovery in plant virus may help prevent HIV and similar viruses
...use the same process to multiply in their victims' cells and spread disease. "After HIV infects a person,...o reproduce and spread infection. Transcription in cells is the process in which a gene's DNA code is copied into RNA, which, in turn, carries the informatio...Fish eyes could hold clue to repairing damaged retinas in humans
...f scientists believe they may be able to use these cells known as Mller glial cells to regenerate damaged retina in humans, according to a study published this month in the journal St...MGH researchers confirm that bone marrow restores fertility in female mice
...t unidentified mechanism. While donor-derived egg cells or oocytes were observed in the ovaries of marrow ...pients own eggs. Consistent with our past work, cells derived from the donor bone marrow are getting into the ovaries and developing into immature oocytes...... of York are using an understanding of the special cells that line the bladder to develop ways of restoring...urothelial cells. These are the specialised lining cells of the bladder that enable it to retain urine. The cells have a very low turnover rate, but scientis...