Time-lapse movies show brain cells move like a two-stroke engine
...ans, the migration of young neurons to the brain's cerebellar cortex, which controls movement and balance, continues until a child reaches the age of two. Serious disorders ranging from the epilepsies to cortical malformations result if the process goes awry, and the brain's proper architecture does not develop...Cigarette smoking exacerbates alcohol-induced brain damage
...er of the major lobes, basal ganglia, midbrain and cerebellar vermis. Measures of neurocognitive functioning an...ranes in the midbrain and on cell membranes of the cerebellar vermis. "These brain regions are involved in fine and gross motor functions and balance and coordin...Blocking cell suicide switch fails to stop prion damage in mouse brains
...mutation kills off a class of brain cells known as cerebellar granule neurons. They form an important part of th...e the Bax gene had been deleted. As they expected, cerebellar granule neurons survived in mice that both had the prion mutation and lacked the Bax gene. "That's i...In Nature paper, scientists at U.Va. health system crack part of 'histone' code
...n another rare neurological disorder called spinal cerebellar ataxia type 7 that causes neurodegeneration and blindness. Grant believes that Chd1 and SAGA interaction may be vital for normal brain development and function. Grant said that, until his discovery, there have been very few proteins identified ...Amgen's decision to block reinstatement of GDNF is faulted by a leading Parkinson's advocacy group
...odies (found in some of the human subjects) and of cerebellar degeneration involving high-dosage GDNF (in some non-human primate subjects) need to be investigated and understood. If subjects are willing to offer themselves for continuing GDNF infusion with all of these safety concerns fully explained and unde...Childhood deficits in the cerebellum may be linked to adult alcoholism
... association between developmental deficits in the cerebellar vermis during childhood and later alcoholism. Defi...hol intoxication is largely due to a disruption of cerebellar function. Long-term heavy drinking can also cause progressive degeneration of the cerebellum for so...Understanding Fragile X syndrome with the blink of an eye
...w us to conclude that a lack of functional FMRP in cerebellar P cells may equally well lead to deficits in motor learning in Fragile X patients," concluded the researchers....Pinpointing the cause of a neurodegenerative disorder
...nocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) suffer damage to cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by a toxic buildup of the pr... a molecular explanation for Ataxin-1's assault on cerebellar Purkinje cells. The findings should help to understand a range of diseases, including Huntington's ...Adolescents and young adults with alcohol-use disorders have a smaller prefrontal cortex
...alities of the prefrontal cortex, thalamus and the cerebellar hemispheres in adults. A study of these same bra...alities of the prefrontal cortex, thalamus and the cerebellar hemispheres in adults. These same brain structures are known to be actively maturing during adolesc...Cerebellum found to be important in cognition and behavior
...lly involved in motor coordination and shows that cerebellar injury can have far-reaching developmental consequ...jury was confined to one side, it was the opposite cerebellar hemisphere that failed to grow normally. The reverse was also true: when injury occurred in one cere...Study implicates potassium channel mutations in neurodegeneration and mental retardation
...axia type 13, which causes childhood-onset ataxia, cerebellar degeneration, and mild mental retardation. The KCNC3 gene codes for a type of potassium channel that normally opens and closes very quickly. This type of channel is particularly important in "fast-bursting neurons" that fire hundreds of times per se...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...r This week, Fink et al. traced the origin of deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) projection neurons to the rhombic lip...des additional support for compartmentalization of cerebellar progenitor cells with GABAergic neurons arising separately from the ventricular zone. 3. Response C...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
... the cerebellum, radial (Bergmann) glia arise from cerebellar astroglia, a process triggered by glialneuronal contact. This glial differentiation involves activation of Notch1 and binding of its intracellular domain to Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] and Deltex1 (DTX1). These canonical and noncanonical pathways ...News tips from The Journal of Neuroscience
...mate receptors, but it is selectively expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PNs) and is required for induction of long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. This week, Yawata et al. identified a proximal cytoplasmic domain in δ2 that is necessary for LTD and for interaction with...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...aser follow the remarkably plastic regeneration of cerebellar neurons after ablation. To track the neurons, the ... that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cerebellar precursor neurons of the upper rhombic lip. With in vivo timelapse confocal microscopy, the author...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...iency and an increase in certain cancers, but also cerebellar degeneration. The mechanism of the loss of cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells, and thus the ataxia, is not obvious. This week, Dar et al. examine...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...expressed on various nerve terminals as well as in cerebellar granule cell precursors. Because the childhood tum...loblastoma originates from progenitor cells in the cerebellar external granule layer, the authors looked for mGluR4 expression in the tumor cells. The receptor wa...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...e receptor type 1 (IP 3 R1) is highly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, with activation leading to release of intracellular calcium. Thus, when Hisatsune found that cultured Purkinje cells from IP 3 R1 knock-out mice had abnormal dendrites that might not have been so surprising. The dendrites in mutant mi......t argue that this is the case for the way in which cerebellar granule cells process somatosensory information. A...ivity in granule cells in the forelimb area of the cerebellar C3 zone in decerebrate/unanesthetized cats after different types of skin stimulation. Each mossy fib......searcher Angelique Pijpers reconstructed a part of cerebellar functioning in rats and investigated how it mediat...m are transmitted to Purkinje cells located in the cerebellar cortex. Mossy fibres transmit signals from various parts of the central nervous system to the granul...