New method identifies chromosome changes in malignant cells
...and reliable method for identifying alterations to chromosomes that occur when cells become malignant. The techni...ding small, but critical additions or deletions to chromosomes required painstaking, gene-by-gene searches. Combining computer science and biology, Princeton scien...Technique for genetically modifying blood stem cells brings cure for blood diseases closer
...t it. "When it comes to avoiding disruption of chromosomes while improving the efficacy of a single gene used to modify a cell, less is definitely more," Persons said. In the experiment, mice that received transplants of stem cells modified with mLar-beta-delta-gamma-V-5 had total HbF...Muscling in on a deadly cancer
...known as a "fusion gene" because it forms when two chromosomes each break into two pieces and then fuse or recombine. The fusion gene includes a piece of Pax3 which plays a role in forming the muscles, nervous system and head and piece of Forkhead of Fkhr, a gene that acts as a tumor suppressor to control cel...Manipulation of epigenome turns off as many genes as it turns on
...pigenetics, which are inheritable modifications to chromosomes and genes other than changes in the DNA sequence itself. ...International human genome sequencing consortium describes finished human genome sequence
...ffort to read the information encoded in the human chromosomes that reached its culmination in 2003. The Nature p...tions and analyses have already been published for chromosomes 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22 and Y. Publications describing the remaining 12 chromosomes a...Mouse study: 'Critical' Down syndrome region isn't
...nic Mouse Facility inserted each of the engineered chromosomes into mouse embryonic stem cells, creating stem cells with either three copies of DSCR or only one copy of DSCR. These stem cells were then used to create chimeras -- animals whose make-up comes partially from their original cells and partially from t...Gene for common form of Parkinson's pinpointed
...in are not present in more than 1400 corresponding chromosomes from people without PD. One of the characteristic mutations was also identified in 8% of 137 apparently unrelated Basque people with PD. According to the researchers, that figure suggests that this mutation that underlies PARK8 PD is a relatively ...Tufts Veterinary School scientists decode Cryptosporidium genome
...ience that it had successfully sequenced the eight chromosomes found in the genome Cryptosporidium parvum, the pathogen found in ruminants and humans. "What is unique about this project is that the genomes of two related human and veterinary pathogens were sequenced in parallel," Widmer said. "This...BU chemist to map DNA's surface, uncovering details that will show how structure abets function
...atin, the nuclear structure that condenses to form chromosomes during DNA replication. DNA bound up as chromatin has a complex structure -- it twists around histone proteins, turns upon itself, and, in general, is not an easily accessible item, especially for proteins that need to bind to it for transcription. ...New study reveals locations of possible Alzheimer's genes
...found strong evidence for new Alzheimer's genes on chromosomes 18 and 10. The region on 18 had never been strongly linked to the disease before, while the link to chromosome 10 confirms previous findings by other Alzheimer's researchers. The evidence for both locations is relatively strong because the researche...Stowers Institute scientist named American Cancer Society research professor
... gametes (meiosis). Many cancer cells gain or lose chromosomes during abnormal cell divisions that accompany malignant transformation. A clearer view of how chromosomes are properly transmitted during cell division has direct implications for understanding cancer. ...Sex-determining genes of infectious fungus resemble human Y chromosome
... our ability to elucidate the process by which sex chromosomes evolved," Heitman said. "While mechanisms of sex d...us Diseases. Sexual identity is governed by sex chromosomes in plants and animals. In humans and other mammals, males have one X and one Y chromosome, while fem......which genes play a role in smoking. She found that chromosomes 6 and 14 contain regions involved with taking up smoking. On chromosome 3 there is a region involved in the number of cigarettes that somebody smokes per day. Chromosome 10 contains a region that plays a role in both the number of cigarettes smoked p...Six reporters reach the 'Pinnacle of Excellence'
...entists are finding in genes and the discovery "in chromosomes of two vast, but largely hidden, layers of information that affect inheritance, development and disease." The story read like a thriller, with big ideas put forward for new avenues for science. Television Mark Davis wrote, directed and produced "M...Visualizing the end of the human genome
...NA molecule are lost. In order to prevent erosion, chromosomes are capped with a specialized region of DNA known ...ot1 plays an important role in capping the ends of chromosomes and in regulating telomere length. "Before that discovery," he said, "people weren't even in agreeme...Psychological stress and disease: UCSF-led study suggests connection
...res are DNA-protein complexes that cap the ends of chromosomes and promote genetic stability. Each time a cell divides, a portion of telomeric DNA dwindles away, and after many rounds of cell division, so much telomeric DNA has diminished that the aged cell stops dividing. Thus, telomeres play a critical role in...Efforts to clone primates move forward
...leated at late meiosis stage I, when the number of chromosomes begins to be reduced by half to make the resulting egg cell ready for fertilization by a sperm cell, which would provide a similar complement of chromosomes. In other animal cloning work, eggs had been enucleated at metaphase II, part of the second ...Chicken genomic sequence yields insight into vertebrate evolution
...f their chromosomes. In addition to a pair of sex chromosomes (Z and W), chickens have 38 pairs of autosomes, wh...e or macrochromosomes, indicating that the smaller chromosomes are particularly susceptible to germline mutations. Interestingly, however, nucleotide changes in p...Scientists uncover clues to the mystery of 'gene deserts'
...2 and focused on human chromosome 19, one of three chromosomes sequenced by JGI as the Department of Energy's contribution to the Human Genome Project. The LLNL/JGI team's high-quality sequence of parts of the chicken genome related to chromosome 19 was used in two of the papers published today in Nature. ...UCSD researchers derive lessons about human evolution from chicken genome
...ers found a very low rate of rearrangement between chromosomes in the chicken genome--about one-third the rate in...e there is a much higher rate of reordering within chromosomes than movement from one chromosome to another--2.8 times as much," said Tesler. "Intra-chromosomal re...