JCI table of contents, 3 January 2005
...-1) binds to its cell surface receptor, CXCR4, and elicits specific biological responses in primitive blood precursor cells, that include PKC-zeta activation. In an accompanying commentary, Connie Eaves from the British Columbia Cancer Agency, discusses the clinical implications of these r...New drug may aid battle against nicotine addiction, Alzheimer's and other disorders
...ve known that nicotine's action on these receptors elicits dopamine in various brain regions implicated in nicotine addiction and other disorders. Nicotine acts by opening specific membrane proteins, called nicotinic receptors, and changing the electrical properties of the cell. The human brain coordinates...'Second messenger' NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle
...des the first direct evidence that cholecystokinin elicits a rapid, dose-dependent and selective increase in NAADP, and thus unequivocal evidence that NAADP is a crucial messenger employed by cholecystokinin." Yamasaki noted that NAADP has "a short history compared to other traditional intracellular messeng...14 highlighted physiology papers from IUPS 2005: From 'genomics to functions'
...t's the first direct evidence that cholecystokinin elicits a rapid selective increase in NAADP, and unequivocal evidence NAADP is a crucial messenger employed by cholecystokinin. "Rapid, selective and dose-dependent elevation of the second messenger NAADP." Physiology 932.3. Michiko Yamasaki, Grant Churchill...Ancient enzyme guides healthy eating in mammals
...inase, known to be an important amino acid sensor, elicits a stress response by modifying a second protein called translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2a). Mice without the normal complement of GCN2 in the brain failed to exhibit an aversion to imbalanced food, the researchers reported. The protein inactivati...New insights into how Huntington's disease attacks the brain
...first strong evidence that the mutant protein also elicits toxic interactions from neighboring cells to provoke the fatal brain disorder. The May 5 edition of Neuron reports the findings. "This is really important because most current disease models and drug development efforts rely on the assumption that...Fragment of yellow fever virus may hold key to safer vaccine
... specific region on one of the viral proteins that elicits an immune response. Antibodies produced by the immune system interact with this part of the protein, known as a neutralizing epitope, to fight off infection. To protect people from the disease, yellow fever vaccines must contain this essential fragme...Parasites trigger healthy eating in caterpillars
...not yet figured out by what mechanism the parasite elicits the change of behavior on a physiological level. "It's still a mystery how they do it," Bernays said. "But the result for the caterpillars is the same: They can survive because they find the protective plants more tasty."...JCI Table of contents August 1, 2005
...rally resembles Klotho, a protein whose deficiency elicits various human ageing-like phenotypes in mice. However, the precise function of beta Klotho has been unknown. In a new study appearing on August 1 in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Yo-ichi Nabeshima and colleagues from Kyoto University gener...Weight control protein may yield antiobesity drugs
...bout the body's fat content. That signal, in turn, elicits adjustments in appetite and energy expenditure to maintain normal body weight. Mice lacking SH2-B overeat and become obese, the team found. The animals additionally develop a metabolic syndrome characterized by high blood concentrations of leptin, in...LIAI scientists make major finding on potential smallpox treatment
...or target of neutralizing antibodies in humans and elicits protection against lethal challenge in mice" that ...tein in the smallpox virus the H3 protein -- that elicits a particularly strong human antibody response. "Out of the 200 or so proteins contained in the small...Carnegie Mellon study finds that facial expressions reveal how the body reacts to stress
...lenges two long-held assumptions: one, that stress elicits undifferentiated negative emotions and as a consequence produces a uniform biological response; and two, that all negative emotions, such as fear and anger, provoke the same psychological and biological reactions. This paper builds on a line of work ...JCI table of contents November, 2005
...phenotypes in vivo. Thus, loss of spastin function elicits HSP-like phenotypes in Drosophila, providing insight into the molecular mechanism of spastin mutations. Therapy with Vinca alkaloids may be useful in spastin-associated HSP and other disorders related to microtubule dysfunction. In an accompanying c...Worms know bad food when they smell it
...eat food with that flavor in the future. The smell elicits an instant wave of nausea." That aversion is triggered by signals that the olfactory system sends to the brain. Similar forms of learning have been observed in a broad range of animals, including invertebrates such as snails and fish. "We don't know ...Olfactory system detects pheromones that control reproduction
...ated by exposure to female urine -- which normally elicits sexual behavior -- than exposure to water.Future studies will aim at further characterizing the network of connections from the olfactory system to LHRH neurons in many brain structures, said Dulac. Also, the researchers plan to explore how olfactory...Accentia Biopharmaceuticals announces option agreement with Mayo
...e fungus in the mucus of the nose and sinuses that elicits an inflammatory response in susceptible patients. Published studies at the Mayo Clinic and elsewhere have demonstrated a significant improvement in signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis in patients treated with intranasal amphotericin B. "We are wo...Plant-derived vaccines safeguard against deadly plague
...o combat the deadliest form of plague. The vaccine elicits a protective immune response in guinea pigs. The results are considered to be a milestone in the future development of a new vaccine for human use. Plague, caused by a rod-shaped bacterium called Yersinia pestis, no longer invokes the "black death" f...Prenatal genistein in soy reduces obesity in offspring
...M, N.C. -- A single nutrient found in soy products elicits changes in gene behavior that permanently reduce an embryo's risk of becoming obese later in life, according to an animal study at Duke University Medical Center. The findings, yet to be confirmed in humans, could explain why Asians have lower rates ...FDA grants Accentia Biopharmaceuticals...
...dy, but in patients with CS this non-invasive mold elicits an eosinophilic inflammatory response characterized by the release of eosinophilic major basic protein (MBP) in the mucus. The release of protein then damages the mucosal epithelial lining of the nose and sinuses, leading to the inflammatory mucosal...Sweet 'water taste' paradoxically predicts sweet taste inhibitors
...nds, the researchers found that any sweetener that elicits sweet 'water taste' also acts as a sweet taste inhibitor. To understand how sweet 'water taste' compounds could act both as a sweetener and as a sweet inhibitor, collaborators Marcel Winnig, Bernd Bufe, and Wolfgang Meyerhof of the German Institute...