Shutting down the HIV assembly line
...ndosome. In some cell types, Gag and the HIV viral envelope protein form particles in the multivesicular body; in other cell types, Gag makes its way from this site to the cell membrane before assembling into particles. Although many studies have demonstrated that Gag is present in the late endosome and have ...Basis for DNA ejection from single phage particles
...s, including those that infect humans, in that the envelope of these viruses fuses with the host plasma membrane so that the genome is delivered without directly contacting the membrane. Phage nucleic acid transport poses a fascinating biophysical problem: Transport is unidirectional and linear; it concerns a...Gene linked to enlargement of the factory where proteins are processed
...ge the folded proteins. After leaving the ER, the envelope fuses with the inside face of the membrane that su...ell itself. Once fused to the cell's membrane, the envelope pops open, ejecting the protein out of the cell. "By linking chaperone production to the synthesis o......mutates at unique sites that contact the inhibitor envelope but not the substrate envelope, drug resistance emerges. This general principle offers a rational basis for combating drug resistance more aggressively by preventing a common mode of escape. Such a tool would be of enormous benefit in the worldwide f...