New genetic tools provide clues to the effects of exercise and diet on obesity, diabetes
... found that adenylate kinase 1 (AK1), an important enzyme in regulation of cellular energy metabolism, particularly skeletal muscle, was highly expressed in obese and morbidly obese women relative to lean control subjects. Total muscle AK1 activity also increased 1.9-fold in obese and 2-fold in morbidly obe...U-M scientists see ubiquitin-modified proteins in living cells
...ientists also discovered that an E3 ligase binding enzyme called Itch was a key player in the process. "Itch is the adapter," Kerppola says. "It tags Jun with ubiquitin, and is necessary for the protein to be targeted to the lysosome." If Itch doesn't recognize Jun, Kerppola explains, the level of Ju...UCR researchers identify key plant enzyme that defends against multiple infections
...arch on the key plant protein, vacuolar processing enzyme or VPEg, in Arabidopsis thaliana, or thale cress, that is required for this process. Programmed cell death (PCD), which occurs naturally in all multi-cellular organisms, is the regulated elimination of cells that happens during the course of developm...Emory chemists develop bacteria that may help decaffeinate coffee
...eophylline very slowly. "We know that there is an enzyme that breaks caffeine down into theophylline, but w...ome in. They now need the breakdown product of the enzyme (theophylline) for survival, but they can't do much with caffeine." Gallivan says that the idea is t...New technique targets pesticide-resistant insects
...amondback moth. The invention relies on the use of enzyme inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a nat...sulated formulations, they are able to deliver the enzyme inhibitor and the pesticide in a single dose. Firstly, an insect's resistance mechanisms are deactiv...Study describes basic mechanism in cell growth control involving damaged DNA
...a possible target for drug development: a cellular enzyme family involved in preventing replication of damaged genomic material. "Inevitably, the molecular pathways controlling many cellular processes such as DNA repair must interact with those regulating cell division," said Dr. Yue Xiong, professor of bio...Estrogen protects male rats from aortic aneurysms
...volved in AAA formation, MMP-9 is a cell-digesting enzyme that eats away at the wall of the aorta, leaving i...e aortas of male and female rats with elastase, an enzyme that triggers an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction and creates an aneurysm in the aortic wall. Fou...INEEL uses extremophile bacteria to ease bleaching's environmental cost
... found Thermus brockianus bacteria produce a hardy enzyme that can be put to work breaking down hydrogen per...azine declared the isolation and production of the enzyme -- named the Ultrastable Catalase Enzyme by the Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering an...Anti-cholesterol drug treats Alzheimer's disease in mice
A drug that jams a key enzyme regulating cholesterol drastically reduces the lev... of ACAT, jamming its operation and preventing the enzyme from processing cholesterol. Cholesterol is required in the production of the short protein called A...NHGRI seeks next generation of sequencing technologies
...es and polymerases to synthesize DNA and a firefly enzyme to generate a chemiluminescent signal. The group o...goal is to engineer a DNA polymerase, which is the enzyme used in cells and in laboratory experiments to synthesize new DNA molecules, that will have optimal ...The CF Foundation urges all states to include newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in test panels
...high-calorie, high-fat diet, along with pancreatic enzyme and fat soluble vitamin supplementation to begin immediately, if needed, before digestive complications occur. Better nutrition has been linked to improved height and weight measurements, better pulmonary status, and cognitive benefits. "It is imper...Researchers find protein that makes long-term memory possible
... Dr. Hempstead and her coworkers reported that the enzyme plasmin chemically converts the early, or precursor, form of BDNF--proBDNF--into mBDNF. Previously, other researchers had determined that tPA converts another substance, plasminogen, into plasmin. (An illustration of the entire chemical sequence ...Antibiotic identified as potential anti-cancer candidate
...an-Kettering Institute, have been investigating an enzyme in humans that is similar to one in bacteria calle...rganelles of cells of higher organisms. Pdf is an enzyme that, during protein production, removes a modification called an N-formyl group from the first amin...Discovery might improve design, effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs
CHAPEL HILL -- Working with an enzyme that degrades anti-cancer drugs in humans, Univers... effectiveness. The scientists have shown that the enzyme protein can be made to "fly through the vapor phase" -- from which solvent water is totally absent -...Common gout drug shown to reduce risk from colorectal cancer
...rk by blocking the action of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for excess uric acid, the culprit in gout. This enzyme also produces the superoxide that promotes oxidative stress, which has been linked to DNA damage and...Other highlights in the October 20 JNCI
...hat cover the brain and spinal cord. The bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase G 2 is effective for treating ra... Cancer Institute, and colleagues administered the enzyme to seven patients 3 to 9 hours after an accidental overdose. Symptoms from the methotrexate overdose...Genetically modified parasite lets researchers probe immune system's memory
...hool of Medicine. The modified Leishmania lacks an enzyme required for DNA synthesis and can be completely wiped out by the mouse immune system. Researchers found that after the mice had cleared the Leishmania parasite, a type of T cell -- the CD4+ central memory T cell -- still reacted to the parasite in t...New DNA repair enzyme makes mistakes to save lives of cells
PITTSBURGH, Oct. 21 A newly discovered enzyme described by University of Pittsburgh researchers ...or other abuses. In addition, it is the only known enzyme that orchestrates not only one, but two steps involved in bypassing common types of DNA damage. POL...Molecule that helps DNA replicate may make good target for cancer therapy
... proteins to accomplish the job, including a large enzyme complex that synthesizes new strands of DNA. In a ...osome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10), protects the enzyme from destruction and, like a molecular tugboat, escorts it to its "port"--the location on a chromoso......ETH is activated by the presence of a tuberculosis enzyme called EthA. Normally, the production of EthA is suppressed by another protein called EthR. When EthR is missing or disabled in tuberculosis, the bacteria produce too much of the EthA enzyme, which increases their vulnerability to ETH's antimicrobial...