Diatom genome reveals key role in biosphere's carbon cycle
...ira pseudonana has the genes to produce urea-cycle enzymes that may help to reduce its dependence on nitrogen from the surrounding waters. The genome work also shed additional light on how this diatom species uses fats, or lipids, which it is known to store in huge amounts. "Learning the actual pathways th...32 new grants made for innovative technology R&D
...urally occurring bacteriophages and phage-produced enzymes to treat and prevent major bacterial diseases that threaten commercial aquaculture. Language Weaver, Inc. (Marina del Ray, Calif.) Syntax- and Rule-Based Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation SystemsDevelop an integrated, statistical ph...Commandeering cellular machinery: recognition mechanism to detect small molecules
...nique could also lead to new methods for producing enzymes and important pharmaceutical compounds. "We are hijacking these nuclear receptors for a new set of purposes," explained Donald Doyle, assistant professor in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "We want to...Use of aspirin or other NSAIDs increases survival
...se researchers concluded that inhibiting these COX enzymes holds promise in prostate cancer treatment and warrants further studies. In addition to Nguyen, study authors included research biostatistician Debra Eisenberg, M.S., statistician Alexandra L. Hanlon, Ph.D., radiation oncologist Eric Horwitz, M.D., a...University of Oregon professor wins 2004 Spiers Medal
...erstanding how proteins fold, and how proteins and enzymes interact with the membrane that surrounds the cells in our bodies. Professor Richmond's innovative use of nonlinear spectroscopy-lasers-has made it possible to study liquid structure at a variety of interfaces." Richmond was one of the first sc...New genetic tools provide clues to the effects of exercise and diet on obesity, diabetes
...e found coordinated up-regulation of key metabolic enzymes with aerobic training in metabolic syndrome aspartate aminotransferase 1, lactate dehydrogenase B and pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 subunit. All were also quickly down-regulated by detraining, although the induction wasn't an acute response to activ...Yale scientists find cooperative RNA switches in nature
...to its target, a process that is common in protein enzymes but not usually associated with RNA. It is also surprising that such complex relics of an RNA World are seen in modern organisms. Breaker and his research team have pioneered the field of riboswitches and reported the existence of nine classes, so fa...UCR researchers identify key plant enzyme that defends against multiple infections
...lifornia, Riverside have identified one of the key enzymes that trigger programmed cell death, an important p...infection. Caspases are a family of proteases, or enzymes that degrade proteins, which play an essential role in initiating and carrying out programmed cell d...New technique targets pesticide-resistant insects
...esticide was inactivated by the insect's metabolic enzymes before the inhibitor had a chance to work. Dr Gunning and her co-inventor, Dr Graham Moores from Rothamsted, designed the technology so that it incorporates a time delay mechanism. Using novel micro-encapsulated formulations, they are able to deliver...Study describes basic mechanism in cell growth control involving damaged DNA
... Xiong's laboratory has been studying a family of enzymes called E3 ubiquitin ligases. These ligases place a...the ubiquitination pathway involving the family of enzymes called cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligases, specifically the ligase Cullin4 (CUL4). The authors disco...INEEL uses extremophile bacteria to ease bleaching's environmental cost
...equivalent of rust. But industrial waters can push enzymes to their limit. Most commercial catalase enzymes hail from organisms that prefer moderate temperatures, such as cows and fungi; high temperatures and...NHGRI seeks next generation of sequencing technologies
...ng by synthesis, as well as making improvements to enzymes called DNA polymerases that will support their accurate incorporation into DNA. This is part of the group's plan to eventually build a full-scale sequencing system. Stephen R. Quake, Ph.D., Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. $1.8 million (3 years...Intracellular protein localization involved in new tumor progression pathway
...ll death. Once in the cytoplasm, survivin inhibits enzymes called caspases which are required for apoptosis, and in doing so, blocks apoptosis. The researchers showed that by selectively targeting survivin to the mitochondria this enhanced soft agar colony formation, which is a standard laboratory technique ...UT Southwestern researchers uncover process for sugar-induced fat formation
...sion occurs two ways an immediate response, where enzymes are mobilized to rapidly convert sugars into fat; ...fferent genes are turned on and off, creating more enzymes that can also turn sugar into fat. ChREBP is involved in the slow response. ChREBP is a type of ...New DNA repair enzyme makes mistakes to save lives of cells
... DNA polymerases in human cells. These specialized enzymes carry out the duplication, proofreading and repair of DNA. DNA is a double-stranded molecule that contains genes necessary for the production of proteins, which in turn determine all aspects of a cell's structure, function and movement. Each strand c...Gene for common form of Parkinson's pinpointed
...se. Such enzymatic switches activate other protein enzymes by attaching a phosphate to them -- called phosphorylation. "Because phosphorylation of proteins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, it is particularly tempting to hypothesize a role for dardarin in the phosphorylati...Trojan-horse therapy blocks buildup of Alzheimer's plaque
...ein interactions, such as interfering with protein enzymes critical to replication of HIV. "HIV proteins are difficult drug targets because they can mutate rapidly to render small-molecule inhibitors inefficient," he said. "Such drugs typically bind only to a few amino acids in the protein, which the virus c...VYTORIN (TM) superior again to Lipitor at lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol
...eater incidence of consecutive elevations in liver enzymes (ALT and/or AST) greater than or equal to three times the upper limit of normal in the pooled Lipitor group (1.2 percent, 11 out of 939 patients) compared with the pooled group of patients who took VYTORIN (0.1 percent, 1 out of 933 patients) (p Post...Gene linked to enlargement of the factory where proteins are processed
... gene triggered an increase in the activity of key enzymes involved in membrane production. Because it is already known that UPR triggers activation of the XBP1 gene, findings of the current study suggest that XBP1 links the expansion of ER to the increased ability to fold and package newly made proteins for......s in different people because of variations in the enzymes that metabolize the drug, including cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). Alex Sparreboom, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute, and colleagues demonstrated in 30 cancer patients that the speed ...