JCI table of contents November 1, 2004
...PF may work through cytokines that can promote the formation of excessive fiberous tissue, such as TGF-b and PDGF. Edward Leof and colleagues , from the Mayo Clinic, examined TGF-binduced fibrosis to determine if it is mediated through the action of c-Abl, which is already known to mediate PDGF action. The aut...People cause more soil erosion than all natural processes
...ral processes put together," he said. Because soil formation proceeds at about the same rate as natural erosion, Wilkinson's results mean that humans are stripping soil from the surface of the Earth far faster than nature can replace it. "This situation is particularly critical," Wilkinson said, "because the ...Look at past sea-level rise points to troubling future
...-level rise. "We know that Sabine bank, a seafloor formation about 20 miles offshore along the Texas-Louisiana border, was a barrier island until just a few thousand years ago," Anderson said. "We know that it was drowned in place, because we have drilled core samples there. We still don't know what rate of se...Conversion of flower organs into leaves
...people have wondered about the mysteries of flower formation for ages, scientists have carried out molecular st...all of the "MADS-box" class, are necessary for the formation of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels and that the loss of activity of all four genes results in t...Scientists uncover secret to sharp teeth
...ism that controls the precise patterning of enamel formation on incisor teeth. Mouse incisors are covered with...tigation revealed that follistatin prevents enamel formation by inhibiting BMP signaling molecules that are potent stimulators of ameloblast differentiation. The...Elevated inflammatory enzyme, Lp-PLA2, significantly linked to ischemic stroke
...nd then involves certain white blood cells and the formation of fatty plaques within the arteries. Despite the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins, and other agents, millions of patients remain at risk. Heart disease and stroke kill some 17 million people each year, almost a third of all...New Royal Society journal studies
...he impact of winner and loser effects on hierarchy formation in the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. Our results demonstrate that randomly chosen winners in pairwise contests were more likely to emerge as top-ranked individuals in a hierarchy, while randomly chosen losers were more likely to emerge as the...Researchers discover molecular timekeeper in bone development
...Oncology. The process of bone formation occurs in three stages, orchestrated by specialize... "The discovery that bone formation is controlled by HDAC4, an enzyme, raises possibilities for designing drugs to control this process ...New studies regarding the efficacy of antioxidants and their impact on standard cancer treatment
...of its prooxidant activity (Homer S. Black). The formation of aldehydes as the central concern of oxidant stress for cancer therapy and how to ameliorate such stress (Kenneth A. Conklin). The first study that examines oxidative damage directly in the bone marrow of children with ALL (acute lymphoblastic le...Signal for inflammation linked to Ras-induced tumor growth
...critical role in the initiation of new vasculature formation required to promote tumor progression. Previous research has suggested that there may be a link between cancer-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. The protooncogene Ras has also been implicated in tumor-driven blood vessel generation. Ras is a...JCI table of contents, November 15 2004
...m One of the main functions of the kidney is the formation of urine by filtration of the plasma. The size-sel...cytes and localized in the area of the SD, in the formation of this structure. Indeed, the fibers that constitute the SD appear to be formed largely by the asso...New protein identified in development of lung cancer
...growth and death, DNA repair and angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Studies show that p53 mutation is common, occurring in at least half of all cancer. "The p53 gene is possibly the most important 'manager' in a cell. When it's not working properly, it can be disastrous," says Miguel Villalona, ...Army-funded effort examines androgen's role in bone loss
... the role of the male sex hormone androgen in bone formation has piqued the interest of the United States milit...les. Their skulls were thicker, they had increased formation on the outside of long bones, such as the femur, decreased formation on the marrow surface inside th...Discovery of real-time natural gas formation offers prospect for renewable energy resource
...abeled methane. This demonstrates that the methane formation is the result of a biological process occurring today. "The United States has enormous amounts of buried hydrocarbon reserves, many of which cannot be extracted in an economically or environmentally benign fashion with current technolo...Tiny plant a model for commercially important trees
... to understand the genes that are important in the formation of wood. Eric P. Beers, associate professor of ho...e, were able to reduce the number of possible wood formation genes from 25,000 possibilities down to less than 500. "From among this relatively small number ...Tips from the Journals of the American Society for Microbiology
...onseffecting the surrounding tissue and bone. The formation of biofilms atthe implant site make the infections even more difficult to treat withantibiotics, as bacteria inside biofilms are shielded from host defensemechanisms. "The literature indicates that 500 to 5,000 times higher levels ofantibiotics are n...Down Syndrome protein reduces tumor growth
...own Syndrome Critical Region 1 (DSCR-1) blocks the formation of new blood vessels and thus reduces tumor growth...hen DSCR-1 is overexpressed in mice, it blocks the formation of new blood vessels and thereby reduces tumor growth. "It has long been recognized that patients w...Studies suggest promising new directions for gallstone treatment
...ent change in biochemical conditions and gallstone formation then triggers inflammation, which is the major sym...genic" diet, which is designed to induce gallstone formation because it is high in cholesterol and other components of bile. Mice are good models for CGD, said M......ene, previously associated with disruption in wing formation in fruit flies, increased levels of the Lmo protein and decreased response to cocaine. Thus, they concluded that Lmo appears to play a central role in regulating cocaine sensitivity. The researchers suggested that because Lmo-related proteins a......bitors, which were previously known to inhibit the formation of secreted amyloid β-peptides, were found to cause an intracellular accumulation of an even longer amyloid β-peptide species, Aβ 46 . "These novel findings provide information important for the strategy of prevention and treatment of ...