Diatom genome reveals key role in biosphere's carbon cycle
...ience paper. Together, the single-celled organisms generate as much as 40 percent of the 50 billion to 55 billion tons of organic carbon produced each year in the sea and in the process use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. And they are an important food source for many other marine organisms. Scientists w...Penn receives grant for initiative to help understand genes' effects on medications
...m of variable drug response. The team will work to generate strategies targeting barriers to interdisciplinary research on three fronts: Scientific: by producing study-design and statistical techniques and methodologies aimed at solving problems of the intricate, high-dimensional nature of genetic influenc...A treatment, not a cure: Calcium silicate neutralizes an acidic stream
...ralizing effects are short-lived, however, and can generate extreme fluctuations in water chemistry. Recognizing the limitations of limestone, Likens and colleagues looked to another material to neutralize an acidified stream at Hubbard Brook-- Wollastonite. Over one hundred and thirty pounds (61kg) of this ...Stanford cooling tool may improve performance of athletes, soldiers
... people exercise, their muscles consume energy and generate heat as a byproduct. When enough heat accumulates internally, it can limit exercise performance. Two Stanford biologists have developed a method for cooling that maximizes heat transfer through the palms of the hands. The idea is to engorge confluenc...Plants provide model for new shape-changing materials
...tems integration required for this program. "As we generate materials that will feature internal pressures that allow the nastic structures to expand and contract, we hope to move on from the morphing wings to other applications that require structures that can produce large shape changes. An example might be...UF scientists have bionanotechnology recipe to find elusive bacteria
...he strengths of nanotechnology and biochemistry to generate a new type of 'bionanomaterial,' which has some un...uorescent dye molecules in such a way that you can generate a very, very high signal." Once a particle finds the bacteria that it's designed to seek, it glows. ...Acoustics meeting in San Diego
... would respectively recognize human emotion and to generate emotions in synthetic speech. To these ends, Serdar Yildirim ( yildirim@usc.edu ) and colleagues at the University of Southern California obtained acoustic characteristics of four different emotions. According to the researchers, speech that displ...Tips from the Journals of the American Society for Microbiology
...m of vaccination as studies show they are quick to generate (days or weeks vs. months or years), are cost effective, and could offer long-term protection against various infectious diseases. The pDNA vaccine specific to this study contains conserved genes from the flu virus, and alth...NHGRI seeks next generation of sequencing technologies
...ymerases to synthesize DNA and a firefly enzyme to generate a chemiluminescent signal. The group of researchers will work on further developing a highly integrated and parallel format with improved equipment for detection of the chemiluminescent signals resulting in a portable and inexpensive device for low-c...Researchers find protein that makes long-term memory possible
...rs, on nearby neurons. The recipient neurons then generate their own electrical impulses and release their own neurotransmitters, triggering the process in still more neurons, and so on. When a long term memory is made, researchers believe that neurons gain the capacity to transmit a much strong...The long road to a promising malaria vaccine started at NYU School of Medicine
...irst investigators to show that it was possible to generate an immune response against the CS protein, which o... the Nussenzweigs showed that the CS protein could generate antibodies against malaria parasites, a hallmark of an immune response. Later work--in collaboration...Biomedical engineers at case develop first sliver-sized sensor to monitor glucose levels
...a suggested they create a sliver sensor that would generate color change instead of an electrical current. "We also thought that color can be seen better from the outside if the sliver is not too deep, and if it gets distorted by the skin this can be corrected by using a white spot inside the sensor that doe...Lag-3 gene dampens immune responses by controlling regulatory T-cell function
...T cells it might possible to free such vaccines to generate an especially aggressive attack on cancer cells.""We'd like to put that kind of control over immune function into the hands of physicians," Vignali said. ...Mice thrive despite massive genetic makeover
...shared by mice and humans, they were still able to generate mice that suffered no apparent ills from their genomes being millions of letters lighter. The research findings are published in the October 21 edition of the journal Nature.After completing the sequencing of the human genome, a question still lin...Three years of Proba, the 'smart' satellite that runs itself
... flood-prone areas. CHRIS images are being used to generate reference maps to be compared with crisis data in order to differentiate flooded areas from permanent water bodies. Chinese researchers have indicated their interest in other applications for the hyperspectral imager, such as mineral prospecting. CH...Cars, not crops, should be chief targets in reducing greenhouse gases
...require fossil fuels or other sources of energy to generate the hydrogen. Coupled with changes in the way that agricultural lands are managed, doubling the fuel efficiency of our nation's vehicles seems a logical first step in balancing the carbon budget." Schlesinger emphasized that national l...Biodiversity: measuring up to the loss
...nstitute of Zoology, London, describe a new way to generate such an index that can measure trends in extinction risk for complete classes of organisms, starting with the world's 10,000 bird species. Their "Red List Index" measures changes in overall extinction risk over time for all bird species worldwide and...Clues to the puzzle of 'talking' root cells
...rt-Root is so named because genetic mutations that generate a non-functional protein produce plants with stunted roots. The Short-Root protein is a transcription factor, a protein that acts as a master controller of a multitude of genes. The Arabidopsis plant on which they experimented is a widely used mod...Stimulating nerve cells with laser precision
...ng laser light to stimulate nerves and to actually generate this activity. Vanderbilt's W.M. Keck Foundation Free Electron Laser Center was the perfect facility to give it a try. The Department of Defense-funded FEL, one of only a handful in the world and the only one equipped to perform medical exp......e dentistry. But, it takes more than innovation to generate new products and jobs. "The purpose of this grant is to put in place the relationships and infrastructure that lead to economic development," said Caron St. John, director of the university's Arthur M. Spiro Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership and...