JCI table of contents -- February 22, 2006
...e.php?id=29562 ONCOLOGY: Akt makes melanomas grow downward Early stage melanomas grow superficially in a radial manner and can be treated by surgery. By contrast, advanced stage melanoma......s that expressed normal or shortened Hmga2 did not grow significantly, while cells in which Hmga2 contained disrupted let-7 sites did. In fact, the more that let-7 sites were damaged, the greater the number of colonies. Mayr also worked with MIT assistant professor Michael Hemann to inject these cells ...Problem forgetting may be a natural mechanism gone awry
... tighter. It may turn out the reason some people grow increasingly forgetful as they age is less about how old they are and more about subtle changes in the way the brain files memories and makes room for new ones - differences perhaps better blamed on patterns of cell-to-cell communication than the num...Flavanols in cocoa may offer benefits to the brain
...ve function and brain health will only continue to grow with this aging population....Cancer cells more likely to genetically mutate
... the cancer cells with properties allowing them to grow without normal controls to become a tumor. These mutated genes would be targets for chemotherapy. But Loeb had another idea that he originally hatched many years ago what if the cancer cells changed somehow, and became much more likely to mutate? ...Long-lived deep-sea fishes imperiled by technology, overfishing
...cod are another depleted species. Deep-sea fishes grow slowly because of limited food sources and slower metabolisms and many don't reach sexual maturity for 30 to 40 years, Heppell said. The harvest of older fish may have an even greater impact on these threatened populations because older fish are more...Cellulosic ethanol: Fuel of the future?
...inach requires about 600 pounds of water, while to grow a pound of Miscanthus requires only about 200 pounds of water.'' According to Somerville, Miscanthus produces about twice as much biomass per acre without irrigation than other grasses, and reaching the president's target of 35 billion gallons of b...Is biodiversity the future of farming?
...uring the next 50 years demand for food crops will grow by 70 to 85% and demand for water by between 30 and 85%. Volatile weather conditions predicted to be part of emerging climate change will make it difficult to sustain highly specialized cropping systems which require relatively stable climates. To ...AAAS Panel -- Sustainable aquaculture critical to feed the world
...a viable infrastructure for marine aquaculture and grow healthy fish here at home. Seafood farming in the...a more profitable venture and draw more farmers to grow shrimp in the U.S., thereby increasing food security and growing the domestic economy." To ensure...Shortening chromosomes cause for earlier cancer onset in families with rare syndrome
...that function as a sort of genetic slack. As cells grow and divide throughout life, the chromosomes, which contain all of an individuals genetic information, replicate as well. The enzymes that create copies of chromosomes cannot, however, physically reach the very end of the chromosome, so they leave a m...HIV protein enlisted to help kill cancer cells
... TAT-Bim. "Unlike most healthy cells, cancer cells grow very fast. So they are always on the verge of running out of natural ingredients like sugars, and mistakes are accumulating in their DNA," Hawkins says. "This results in signals telling cancer cells to die, but the cells don't quite have the permissi...Super-thin membrane, 50 atoms thick, sorts individual molecules
...evidence suggests that neurological stem cells may grow better when in the immediate vicinity of certain "helper" cells. A problem arises after the new neurons are grown, when scientists need to separate the neurons from these helper cells. McGrath suggests that the neurological stem cells can be adhered ...Arizona State University and Mayo Clinic join forces to develop cancer vaccine
...s evade the body's defenses and allow the cells to grow into a tumor. In results from animal studies, pre-vaccination with these foreign proteins creates an immune response that prevents the tumor from forming. Unfortunately, each tumor's protein signature can be slightly different. In other words, even...Iowa State researchers improve soy processing by boosting protein and sugar yields
...hed whey can replace an expensive compound used to grow lactic acid bacteria, Khanal said. The bacteria produce nisin, a valuable natural food preservative that's also used in cosmetic and health care products such as mouthwash and toothpaste. "Our preliminary economic analysis showed that the proposed...New hope for regenerative medicine
...ce. Furthermore, the scientists were also able to grow progenitor blood cells in culture from uniparental ES cells, and upon transplant into irradiated adult mice, show that these cells contribute, long-term, to the function of their hematopoietic system. One issue in using uniparental ES cells for tis...Winners of the 2006 AAAS Science Journalism Awards
...the American West, and a lively look at efforts to grow a better banana are among the winners of the 2006 AAAS Science Journalism Awards from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Independent panels of science journalists chose the winners of the awards, which honor excellence in......y cultured these hybrid cells in the laboratory to grow them to the blastocyst stage, when the embryo is a tiny hollow ball of cells. At this point, the cultured blastocysts were implanted in a mouse's uterus and allowed to develop into a cloned fetus. This is the cloning technique known as nuclear transf...ACS News Service weekly PressPac -- Feb. 7, 2007
...crocontainers that were used to trap, incubate and grow as few as a single living bacterium into colonies. Such traps could have a variety of uses, including studying the formation of biofilms, which are the source of human health concerns. The technique, mask-directed multiphoton lithography, is modeled...New mechanism for nutrient uptake discovered
...se organismscyanobacteria in the ocean, fungi that grow on grapes and make our wine, plants that provide our foodand even in our kidneys, which excrete nitrogen. We also suspect other different types of transporters will be discovered to work in this way." The scientists don't yet know what triggers the...Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory scientists discover new gene that prevents multiple types of cancer
...low growing by adding an extra copy of the region, grow like normal cells. The findings of Mills' study will influence the future of cancer research. It shows that deletion of a part of 1p36 causes cancer and increased "dosage" of CHD5 triggers extra tumor suppression. One extra dose, or copy, caused c...