A 'private bandwidth' for communication in bats: Evidence from insular horseshoe bats
... The study proved that in Sardinia,...Pollution causes 40 percent of deaths worldwide, study finds
About 40 percent of deaths worldwide are caused by water, air and soil pollution, concludes a Cornell researcher. Such environmental degradation, coupled with the growth in world population, are major causes behind the rapid increase in human diseases, which the World Health Organization has recently reported. Both factors contribute to the malnourishment and disease susceptibility of 3.7 billio...New, more direct pathways from outside the cell-to-cell nuclei discovered
... It was already known that material outside of a cell can migrate into a cell. This occurs through processes known as endocytosis and phagocytosis, in which extracellular material is captured by a pinched-in segment of the cell membrane. This extracellular material then becomes trapped inside the resulting membrane-bound intracellular compartment, which is kno...No evidence that widely prescribed statins protect against prostate cancer
... Researchers from the New England Research Institutes found that while men using statins did indeed have lower blood levels of androgens such as testosterone, it was more likely attributable to poor health rather than the use of statins. Their findings are published in the August issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention...New study suggests Concord grape juice may provide protection against breast cancer
CONCORD, MASS., August 9, 2007 Every three minutes, a woman in the United States is diagnosed with breast cancer . While factors like age and heredity contribute significantly to a womans likelihood of contracting this disease, lifestyle and nutrition choices may also play a role. One dietary choice that may help provide protection against breast cancer is a glass of 100 percent grape juice mad...Female gender provides an advantage in renal diseases
Gender influences the prevalence and progression rate of many renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The physiology behind gender differences and renal disease is still uncertain, but the distinct characteristics of male and female kidney size, along with diet and the presence of hypertension, have all been thought to play a part. Sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone) have also...Research aims to identify markers for menopausal women at risk for deadly blood clot
AUSTIN, TX In women, hormone therapy is a risk factor for venous thrombosis, a blood clot forming deep inside the vein. Despite the fact that the disorder is rare, it increases exponentially during menopause and can be deadly. The hormone trials conducted thus far, focusing on proteins in blood coagulation, have not yet led to a risk profile, thereby precluding identification of women at risk....Grapes, soy and kudzu blunt some menopausal side effects
Austin, TX Menopausal women are at relatively high risk for memory loss, high blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes. A decade ago, the standard treatment for these problems was long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Since then, studies have shown that extensive use of HRT is associated with significant adverse effects. As a result, alternatives have been sought. Certain naturally occ...Experiment suggests limitations to carbon dioxide 'tree banking'
... These results from the decade-long Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a Duke University forest suggest that proposals to bank extra CO2 from human activities in such trees may depend on the vagar...Link identified between Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma
... The research team has developed a new technology for visualising nerve cell damage in the retina, known as Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells. Using this technology, they demonstrated...Forecasting system provides flood warnings to vulnerable residents of Bangladesh
... ... The pilot program began this summer with the aim of delivering 1- to 10...Discovery of new protein could provide new understanding of male fertility
... We essentially found that cleanup in the cell...Identified mechanism in the malaria parasite to help it adapt to infected individuals
Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the most severe forms of human malaria. Invasion of host red blood cells is an essential step of the complex life cycle of this parasite. During the process of invasion, P. falciparum, which appears in the stage of a merozoite, is exposed to antibodies from the immune system. Consequently, the proteins of the merozoite that interact with red blood cells a...Success or failure of antidepressant citalopram predicted by gene variation
A variation in a gene called GRIK4 appears to make people with depression more likely to respond to the medication citalopram (Celexa) than are people without the variation, a study by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health, has found. The increased likelihood was small, but when people had both this variation and one in a different gene shown t...Einstein researchers' prototype vaccine could provide improved protection against tuberculosis
... TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a ba...Identifying the mechanism behind a genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
... ... In a study appearing in the August issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation Valeriya Lyssenko and colleagues from Lund University in Sweden show that certain variants of the gene TCF7L2 make individuals more susceptible to type 2 diabetes. T...Progesterone therapy and preterm birth: More evidence helps identify women who can benefit
... ... Another large multi-center trial led...First case of successful ovarian tissue transplantation between two, nonidentical sisters
... This first case of a successful transplantation of ovarian tissue between two non-identical sisters is reported in the journal Human Reproduction today (Thursday 2 August) [1]. Professor Jacques Donnez, head of...2007 EURYI: 20 young researchers to receive Nobel Prize-sized awards for breakthrough ideas
... ... EURYI is designed to attract outstanding young scientists from around the world...Genomics study provides insight into the evolution of unique human traits
(<A...... Scientists at the U.S. Environmental Protecti...After a decades-long search, scientists identify new genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis
... "These studies describe the first genes conclusively linked to MS in more than 20 years," said Ursula Utz, Ph.D., a program director at the...New research identifies anti-viral protein that may predict who might be at risk to develop lupus
... ... Using blood samples from two large repositories, rheumatologist Mary K. Crow,...... Scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science, together with colleagues from the U.S.A., recently succeeded in being the first to implement doping in the field of molecular electronics...U-M researchers identify gene involved in breast cancer
... ... When one copy of the FOXP3 gene is silenced, the researchers found in studying mice, 90 percent of the mice spontaneously developed c...U-M team identifies gene that regulates blood-forming fetal stem cells
... In the last several years, stem cell researchers have realized that fetal stem cells comprise a separate class. They recognized, for example, that fetal blood-forming stem cells in umbilical cord blood behave dif...Study identifies new gene therapy tools for inherited blindness
July 25, 2007 -- An improved approach to gene therapy may one day treat some of the nearly 200 inherited forms of blindness, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggest this week. ... In a paper published online by Public Library of Science ONE, researchers take initial steps toward filling a gap in the toolkit for treating blindness by identifying DNA elements th...Faster-acting antidepressants closer to becoming a reality
... Ketamine blocks a...Identified main genetic variants involved in response to HIV
... This international collaboration has been the largest ever to have taken place in a large scale study on genetic differences between patients infected by HIV, and is the first study of this kind in the field of infectious disease. Catalan participants have been coordinated by Javier Martnez-Picado, ICREA research professor in the Foundation irsiCaixa of Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, and...First genome-wide study of infectious disease opens new avenues for HIV treatment, vaccines
The first genome-wide association study of an infectious disease, conducted by an international group of researchers through the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI), has yielded a new understanding of why some people can suppress virus levels following HIV infection. The clearer picture of host responses to the virus achieved through this examination of genomes could lead to improved...Expert to provide update after 'worst tomato virus' hits California
... In March 2007, the destructive virus was detected in tomato plants and whiteflies from a greenhouse...President Bush announces 2005 and 2006 Laureates of National Medals of Science and Technology
... The National Science Foundation (NSF) administers the prestigious award program, which was established by Congress in 1959. It honors individuals for pioneering scientific research in a range of fields, including physical, biological, mathematical, social, behavioral and engineering sciences, that enhances our understanding of the world and leads to innovations and technologies that give th...Gene identified for Crohn's disease in children
... ... ... Because Crohns disease is complex, with multiple genes interacti...Implanon, Norplant and Jadelle are all effective contraceptives -- but side effects vary
... The most common side effect with all the implants was changes in bleeding pattern. Rates of amenorrhoea after two years use were significantly higher in women using Implanon than Norplant. Implanon was also quicker to implant and...University of Colorado licenses two influenza virus detection discoveries to Quidel Corp.
... The Anti-Viral Resistance (AVR) Chip was developed by a team of CU-Boulder researchers led by Drs. Kathy Rowlen and Robert Kuchta. Quidels intent is to develop and market diagnostic tests featuring the chip for use in identifying mutations...Malaria -- Effective insecticide-repellent synergy against mosquito vectors
The mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission to humans belong to the Anopheles genus. One of the best known and most extensively studied is Anopheles gambiae, Africas principal malaria vector. The protection recommended by the World Health Organization for people at risk from this devastating disease is the use of mosquito nets impregnated with pyrethroids, of low toxicity for mammals and...Study identifies energy efficiency as reason for evolution of upright walking
... ... Raichlen and his colleagues will publish the article, Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism in the online early edition of...Accident-prone? Scientists link brain function to knee injuries
... ... ... In a first-ever study of its kind, University of Delaware scientists...Cells take risks with their identities
... Scientists in the lab of Whitehead Member Richard Young have discovered that many human genes hover between on and off in any given cell. According to the study, which appears online in Cell on July 12, these genes begin making RNA templates for proteinsa...CU researchers discover evidence of very recent human adaptation
A Cornell study of genome sequences in African-Americans, European-Americans and Chinese suggests that natural selection has caused as much as 10 percent of the human genome to change in some populations in the last 15,000 to 100,000 years, when people began migrating from Africa.... The study, published in the June 1 issue of PLoS (Public Library of Science) Genetics, looked for areas where mos...