Don't stand so close to me: A new view on how species coexist
...because evolution has caused them to compromise on key life measures, say ecologists at Imperial College London and Royal Holloway, University of London, writing in the journal Science today (1 October). The researchers suggest a new basis for explaining how communities of species assemble: they have to ...Penn receives grant for initiative to help understand genes' effects on medications
...al collaboration of experienced investigators from key disciplines, working within an enriched and accommodating academic environment, to develop fresh, distinctive, and sustainable approaches to solving the complex biomedical problem of variable drug response. The team will work to generate strategies t...32 new grants made for innovative technology R&D
...ST). The 32 new ATP projects span a broad range of key technology areas. Among the areas targeted are: new energy technologies for oil exploration and for fuel cells, new medical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, improvements in electronics and automobile manufacturing and an improved computer int......he analysis of lice genes also confirmed two other key developments in human evolution. First, it verified studies showing how and when various species branched off the family tree of primates and humans. Second, it confirmed the "out of Africa" theory that the population of Homo sapiens mushroomed after...Columbia University scientist wins 2004 Nobel Prize
...te the sensations around us into knowledge that is key for our survival and quality of life." "Dr. Axel's work is among the most important discoveries of the past 50 years, providing insights regarding how individuals perceive their external environment," said Gerald D. Fischbach, executive vice pr...HHMI researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck win 2004 Nobel Prize
... to the brain. The receptor proteins would be the key to answering two basic questions about olfaction, explained Axel. First, how does the system respond to the thousands of molecules of different shapes and sizes that we call odorants--"does it use a restricted number of promiscuous receptors, or a la...Talented sniffer: A receptor known for guiding sperm to egg plays a role in the nose
...onally expressed on sperm cells, appears to play a key role in sperm-egg communication and chemotaxis prior to gamete encounter. Whether this "sperm" olfactory receptor is restricted to reproductive functions or acts bi-functionally in the context of conventional olfaction has been a longstanding questio...New Stanford center probes nanoscale material
...tion, design and fabrication of cantilevers. Other key Stanford participants include Malcolm Beasley (Applied Physics), Mark Brongersma (Materials Science and Engineering), Aharon Kapitulnik (Applied Physics and Physics) and Hari Manoharan (Physics). Participants from IBM's Almaden Research Center in San...Putting physiology into the Nobel Prize: 2004 marks 100th anniversary of Pavlov's award
... contributions to physiology and medicine and was key in recognizing the important link between the two. According to Gerard P. Smith in his article "Pavlov and integrative physiology," (American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, September 2000), Pavlov's "unexpec...Most promising clinical uses for stem cells from fat agreed on by international society
...eeting was the development of a consensus defining key scientific questions for future study and determin..., it offers a practical source of stem cells. A key question the group answered was simply what to call the cells, with the decision in favor of the ter...Irwin Rose wins 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
...roteins in many ways. These findings are playing a key role in the development of drugs to fight illnesses such as cancer and cystic fibrosis. "The basic science faculty at the College of Medicine and our clinical faculty at UCI Medical Center are delighted and pleased that Dr. Rose has been recogniz...Marine Biological Laboratory summer investigator wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry
...degradation, a fundamental process that influences key cellular events such as the cell cycle, malignant transformation, and responses to inflammation and immunity. Ubiquitin is a protein found within cells that targets other proteins for elimination. Scientists have long known that all cells manufact...Brain circuit may permit scientists to eavesdrop on memory formation
...ciated with higher brain functions. "There are two key findings required to understand the present work," said Schuman. "First, lesions of the hippocampus prior to training can prevent the formation of some kinds of short-term memory. Second, if one delays the hippocampal lesion to days after training, o...Biologists ID molecular block for social 'cheaters'
...yostelium without the gene dimA, which codes for a key protein that Dictyostelium cells use to recognize DIF-1. "We wanted to see if cells without dimA could cheat the system by ignoring DIF-1 and thereby increase their chances of becoming spore cells rather than stalk cells," said paper co-author David ...New genetic tools provide clues to the effects of exercise and diet on obesity, diabetes
... to Hittel, "we found coordinated up-regulation of key metabolic enzymes with aerobic training in metabolic syndrome aspartate aminotransferase 1, lactate dehydrogenase B and pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 subunit. All were also quickly down-regulated by detraining, although the induction wasn't an acute...Bugs in the gut could play key role in understanding human disease and drug toxicity
...d largest metabolic 'organ' in the body and play a key role in disease processes alongside genetic and environmental factors. Microbes in the gut can weigh up to one kilogram in a normal adult human, and collectively can contain more genes than the host. The combination of interacting genes from the body...ASPB opposes ban of GE crops in Butte County Ballot Measure D
...rch - including biotechnology - holds an important key to meeting their needs, the FAO said. The FAO added that biotechnology can speed up conventional breeding programs and may offer solutions where conventional methods fail. If Measure D passes, Butte County, California will be taking a step back int...Toward a better understanding of taste and smell impairments
...ents, "Inflammatory processes are believed to play key roles in a variety of chronic diseases, including a number of forms of cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's disease. This research will contribute to the broader understanding of the impact of inflammatory mediators on cell function." The ...Botulism bug says no to nitric oxide, provides key to molecule's role in human cell signaling
...ent bacterium. That structure will provide a key to unlock answers to some questions regarding the human NO receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), Raman said. "Having these structures now will help us attack that problem, because we know that this bacterial version of SONO is very similar to so...U-M scientists see ubiquitin-modified proteins in living cells
...that an E3 ligase binding enzyme called Itch was a key player in the process. "Itch is the adapter," Kerppola says. "It tags Jun with ubiquitin, and is necessary for the protein to be targeted to the lysosome." If Itch doesn't recognize Jun, Kerppola explains, the level of Jun builds up in the cel...