Study identifies key aspect of immune response against HIV
...asma virus levels. Additional tests that looked at levels of the helper T cells that are destroyed by HIV and that analyzed samples from Australian patients infected with a different strain of virus all supported the conclusion that the form of the HLA-B molecule patients inherit makes a significant differe...New tuberculosis antibiotic may shorten treatment time, fight drug-resistant strains
...th standard treatments. During the study, the drug levels in the volunteers' plasma reached levels that were about seven times higher than they were in the mice that had been successfully treated. "B...Global warming good news for coral reefs: research
... of coral reefs by 2100 relative to pre-industrial levels due to increasing CO2 levels in ocean surface waters. The new research suggests that present coral reef calcification rates are n...Genetic defect confers risk of major depression, resistance to SSRI drug therapy
...epression, the team said. "Abnormalities in brain levels of serotonin have been widely suspected as a key c...hat signal and prepare for the next. If serotonin levels are decreased, communication among neurons stalls. Such decrease may occur in patients with depressi...Study shows PET/CT imaging can help diagnose and define occult recurrent cancer
...er patients for whom blood tests showed increasing levels of serum cancer markers during follow-up. "PET/CT was the only test that showed whether recurrent tumors were indeed present," and since anatomic information was obtained, the type of treatment that should be applied could be determined, she said. ...Discovery about Vitamin C explains its metabolic value
...entists found in blood plasma extraordinarily high levels of these conjugates, which show this protective effect of vitamin C against toxic lipids. "Prior to this, we never knew what indicators to look for that would demonstrate the protective role of vitamin C against oxidized lipids," Stevens said. "Now t...Timing scavenging to prevent age-related blindness
...s is taken up slowly but then accumulates to toxic levels inside the cell, eventually leading to blindness. An identical build-up of cellular debris is a hallmark of macular degeneration in humans, the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Shedding and debris collection must be precisely synchroni...U. of Colorado research team discovers life in Rock Glacier
...udes traces of dissolved organic material and high levels of nitrates, said Mark Williams, a fellow at CU-Bo...e of Arctic and Alpine Research. The high nitrate levels are believed to be a result of microbes metabolizing nitrogen within the glacier, said CU-Boulder gr...Study in Royal Society journal on first evidence for magnetic field detection in sharks
... the bacterial infection, crickets showed elevated levels of specific immune parameters as adults, at the cost of a reduced physiological condition. Our data thus suggest the long-term up-regulation of immunity in response to antigenic cues as an adaptive, yet costly, invertebrate strategy to improve resist...NASA's aura satellite sheds new light on air quality and ozone hole
...heric cooling, which is expected as carbon dioxide levels continue to rise," said Aura Project Scientist Mark Schoeberl of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Aura's instruments study tropospheric chemistry and will provide daily, global monitoring of air pollution. The complexity of pollut...Research team discovers first evidence of microbes living in a rock glacier
...udes traces of dissolved organic material and high levels of nitrates, said Mark Williams, a scientist at Colorado University (CU)-Boulder. The high nitrate levels are believed to be a result of microbes metabolizing nitrogen within the glacier, said CU-Boulder gr...Genes tied to abnormal immune response in mice with lupus
...s. The Ly108 gene, which is expressed at elevated levels in lymphocytes from lupus susceptible mice, has emerged as a likely contributor to abnormal immune activation. However, Ly108 and other SLAM/CD2 genes are thought to act in combination with additional genes and signaling molecules in these mice and ...Cigarette smoking exacerbates alcohol-induced brain damage
...holics was associated with lower N-acetylaspartate levels in lenticular nuclei and thalamus, areas also involved in motor functions." N-acetylaspartate is an amino acid derivative and its concentration is used as a measure of neuronal viability. "Together, these findings may indicate a particular vulnerab...Alcoholism and excessive food intake may share chemical pathways in the brain
...shown that consumption of alcohol can increase the levels of galanin in the hypothalamus, particularly a region called the paraventricular nucleus. In other words, galanin stimulates alcohol intake, which then can increase galanin in the brain, in what might become a vicious cycle." "The concept of a 'posi...A genetic difference at the opiate receptor gene affects a person's response to alcohol
...ry of alcoholism tend to have differences in blood levels of beta-endorphin, a natural opiate hormone, compa...ics, who are not themselves alcoholics, have lower levels of beta-endorphin than do children of non-alcoholics. Also, when young adults with a family history...JCI table of contents, December 15 2004
...how that fat cells of obese mice produce increased levels of toxic oxygen molecules known as reactive oxygen...xidase. Furthermore, these cells express decreased levels of antioxidative enzymes that are responsible for destroying these toxic forms of oxygen. The effect...Oxidants link obesity to diabetes
...how that fat cells of obese mice produce increased levels of toxic oxygen molecules known as reactive oxygen...xidase. Furthermore, these cells express decreased levels of antioxidative enzymes that are responsible for destroying these toxic forms of oxygen. The effect...Loss of fruit fly retina protein delays blinding light damage
...eir retinal cells and vision after exposure to low levels of light for long periods, the relationship betwee...xpected. The researchers also found that rhodopsin levels were drastically lower after three days of exposure and virtually gone by day 13. In genetically eng...Where the brain harbors unconscious fears
...cious processing of threats for people with higher levels of basic anxiety. The researchers said that their ...al region was higher in people with higher anxiety levels and that the people with higher anxiety tended to react more quickly in the color-identification tas...Discovery of first demethylase molecule, a long-sought gene regulator
...s a hallmark of cancer cells. In some tumors, high levels of methylation of H3K4 seem to play a role in activating genes that drive abnormal cell growth. The discovery of this H3K4 demethylase suggests a way to counterbalance this progrowth signal in some tumors. And if previous experience with histone deac...