Study shows stem cells can preserve vision
...d author of the study. The retina is a tissue-thin membrane at the back of the eye responsible for sending light and images from the outside world through the optic nerve to the brain, which interprets them. The retina contains light sensitive cells, known as rods, which make it possible for us to see in blac...JCI table of contents, December 1 2004
...ation exposure, bax relocates to the mitochondrial membrane and trigger cell signaling events that lead to cell death. Administration of PGE2 to radiation-exposed mice was found to activate AKT phosphorylation events that block the relocation of bax within the cell, and therefore prevent cell death. The data ...Purdue research offers hope for canine, human spinal injuries
...d even rupture. Though the cells may survive, this membrane damage causes them to lose the ability to produce ...intervene in this process by repairing the initial membrane damage. It has been known for decades that two cells that touch each other can become one big cell i...Less fat makes better process for designing new drugs
...d that involves removing the protein from the cell membrane and forming it into a crystal that can be viewed u...entists, because it is found in the outer cellular membrane of E. coli, a bacterium often used in laboratory research. "We were able to get the BtuB to...Dream home: Malaria parasite renovates to suit its tastes
...modium falciparum to export proteins across a cell membrane to establish infection in the erythrocytes, or red...emodels the surface of the infected red blood cell membrane with dense elevations called knobs. A protein called PfEMP1 enables the parasite to adhere to the er......rotein that extends through both sides of the cell membrane and which is capable of interacting with a ligand ...es of transmembrane proteins. Proteins in the cell membrane must first be internalized through a process known as endocytosis before they can be digested by the...$6.7 million for bionic war on disabilities
...he array is implanted under the dura, which is the membrane covering the brain. Normann pursued commercial development of the Utah Electrode Array by forming a spin-off company name Bionic Technologies, LLC, which he and co-owner Brian Hatt sold to Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems, Inc. in 2002. Cyb...Protein transformation gives new twist to medical research
... a holin, a protein that makes holes in the cell membrane to let the lysozyme out. "Using biochemistry and ...ected," Young said. Lyz was able to get out of the membrane by presenting a part of the protein as a signal, or tether attached to the membrane. Once outside, ...Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, January 2005
...el cell. This allows developers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells to verify computer models of fuel cell stocks to optimize performance. Furthermore, real-time diagnostic sensors allow designers to increase stack power density by reducing operating margins and quickly identify the development of hot spot...New drug may aid battle against nicotine addiction, Alzheimer's and other disorders
...other disorders. Nicotine acts by opening specific membrane proteins, called nicotinic receptors, and changing the electrical properties of the cell. The human brain coordinates billions of neurons to mediate complex behaviors such as an infant learning to recognize his or her parents, a senior citizen lear...Research identifies promising route for treating age-related hearing loss
...rbed a fluorescent dye that only moves through the membrane channels of functional hair cells. In further studies, Chen and his colleagues found that knocking out the Rb1 gene in cultured mature inner ear cells from mice triggered the cells to begin proliferating. "This experiment demonstrated that it was a...COX-2 levels are elevated in smokers
...o tobacco smoke induced activation of EGFR, a cell membrane protein also associated with various types of cancer. Tobacco smoke stimulated the oral mucosal cells to rapidly release two proteins that activate the EGFR, initiating a cascade resulting in COX-2 protein production. "In an oral mucosal cell line, t...Research may speed development of new oral drugs for fertility treatments
...lem of how signals are transmitted across the cell membrane to mediate changes within the cell," he said. "We would like to understand the biophysical principles that underlie the transmission mechanisms by which signals from outside of cells propagate to the inside." Hendrickson's lab has studied the struct...Topic of ASBMB-Avanti Award Lecture will be lipid-protein interactions
...a coli and Saccharomyces cerevisia in which the membrane phospholipid content can be regulated in a systema...an's science has been of fundamental importance to membrane and lipid biochemistry. The ASBMB-Avanti award recognizes outstanding research contributions, such...Gene with broad role also causes prevalent, inherited nerve disorder
...cytosis. Endocytosis is a process whereby the cell membrane engulfs materials, forming sacs that are then internalized by the cell. "Dynamin 2 represents the third protein causing CMT that contains a domain related to the fusion of cell membranes, suggesting an exceptional role for these pathways for CMT and......pon vesicle transportation to the cell surface and membrane fusion, their insulin content is released. The mec...to transport and fuse these vesicles to the b cell membrane is explored in a study by Tetsuro Izumi and colleagues from Gunma University in the February 1 issue...Multi-purpose protein regulates new protein synthesis and immune cell development
...ains of amino acids, which are deposited in the ER membrane in response to coded instructions from genes. Chaperone proteins fold these amino acid chains into specific shapes and direct them to different areas of the ER for processing. When too many amino acids pile up in the ER membrane, or when something ...Self-assembled nano-sized probes allow Penn researchers to see tumors through flesh and skin
...ulti-porphyrin fluorophores within the polymersome membrane can be used to optically image tissue structures d... co-polymers. Like a living cell, the polymersome membrane has a hydrophobic core. The study shows that the fluorophores evenly disperse within this core, giv...Wnt signalling protein Dishevelled acts in the nucleus, not just in the cytoplasm
...n't only function in the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane it must also pass into the nucleus. A study published today in Journal of Biology reveals that Dishevelled, a key player in the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway, has to be localised in the nucleus to perform a key aspect of its function. This dis......are a normal byproduct of energy production in the membrane bound cellular powerhouses known as mitochondria. ...established, protons begin to flow back across the membrane through a special enzyme that harnesses the energy released in the form of ATP molecules. However, s...