New genetic tools provide clues to the effects of exercise and diet on obesity, diabetes
...gy metabolism to counter a progressive decrease in mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of increasingly obese women. We feel that this discovery provides new insights into the primary deficits in muscle metabolisms which underlie the progression of obesity-related diseases," Hittel said. In conclusio...Mitochondria findings may help beat wide range of disease
...s greatly limited by a lack of knowledge about the mitochondrial fusion portion of the cycle. "Fusion of single m...affery said. "However, the same cannot be said for mitochondrial fusion, in which the key sequence of events and facilitating proteins remain largely unknown." The m...Intracellular protein localization involved in new tumor progression pathway
...ssion of tumors. The authors identified a specific mitochondrial pool of survivin that is released into the cytopla...orming. In mice, when the authors carried out such mitochondrial targeting of survivin, this resulted in increased tumor growth and eleimination of apoptosis. The da...Babies born after surgery on eggs
... to prevent children inheriting diseases caused by mitochondrial mutations in their mothers. Pressure groups attacked the idea as an unacceptable step towards genetic engineering of humans. Cohen says Tzeng's work is impressive, but he has concerns. He points out that we do not understand the consequences of movin...Mitochondrial mutation linked to blood pressure and cholesterol problems
... found the first direct evidence for a mutation in mitochondrial DNA that directly affects blood pressure and chole... metabolic syndrome may be attributable to altered mitochondrial function," said Richard P. Lifton , Sterling Professor and Chair of Genetics at Yale and research...Single genetic defect links many risk factors for heart disease and stroke
...ch a pattern immediately suggested a defect in the mitochondrial genome, because those genes are uniquely passed fr...tained in the nucleus. Detailed sequencing of the mitochondrial genomes of family members revealed a specific mutation in all affected people. That defect was the s...Diabetes drug works by enhancing fat cell energy production
...there was decreased expression of about 50% of the mitochondrial protein genes. When these mice were treated with r...ce that rosiglitazone treatment works by modifying mitochondrial structure and increasing white fat cell tissue energy, which indicates that increased lipid utilizat...JCI table of contents November 1, 2004
...there was decreased expression of about 50% of the mitochondrial protein genes. When these mice were treated with r...ce that rosiglitazone treatment works by modifying mitochondrial structure and increasing white fat cell tissue energy, which indicates that increased lipid utilizat...Gene exchange between species is aided by parasitism
...w examples of horizontal transfer of the important mitochondrial gene atp1 from parasitic flowering plants to weeds in the genus Plantago. Three Plantago species possess both a normal, functioning copy of atp1 and a second defective atp1 that bears a striking resemblance to the atp1 gene found in parasitic "dodder...Ancient fossil offers new clues to brown bears past
...nd the Max Planck Institute in Germany to sequence mitochondrial DNA from the specimen and assign the bear to one of the known genetic populations of modern and ancient brown bears. This was possible because of a previous collaborative study by Matheus and the Oxford lab using ancient DNA to uncover the population...Heart responds to fasting by remodeling vital energy-producing components
...ate energy-rich compounds for the cell, making the mitochondrial strategy appear to create more problems than it might solve. Nevertheless, the response appears to help maintain healthy heart function throughout caloric restriction. "It is likely that the changes in the membranes make the mitochondria more energy...New bulls may revive the Texas state Bison Herd
...ars ago, and we didn't find any evidence of cattle mitochondrial DNA," a sure sign of cattle genetics in the herd. So last year, Texas Parks and Wildlife representatives, along with Texas A&M researchers traveled to New Mexico and chose three 1-year-old bison bulls. "We picked the three handsomest, orneriest, te...Study in Royal Society journal on possible genetic factors in social responsiblity
... Natural selection on mitochondrial DNA in Parus and its relevance for phylogeographic...l fashion, unaffected by natural selection. Here, mitochondrial DNA sequences from tits of the genus Parus were tested for signatures of natural selection. Although...JCI table of contents, December 1 2004
...sponse to radiation exposure, bax relocates to the mitochondrial membrane and trigger cell signaling events that lead to cell death. Administration of PGE2 to radiation-exposed mice was found to activate AKT phosphorylation events that block the relocation of bax within the cell, and therefore prevent cell death. ...Hummingbirds lose power at high altitudes
...y in Baton Rouge, and analyzed two nuclear and one mitochondrial gene from each species. Though only 75 species are represented in the hummingbird family tree published in PNAS, he actually has completed a tree that encompasses 190 of the known species. The researchers set out to answer some puzzling ques...Stowers researcher answers fundamental question of cell death
...ce regulates p53, a tumor suppressor gene, and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Bruce's primary function resides upstream of mitochondria. Loss of function of Bruce increases the level of p53, making cells more sensitive to apoptosis. The transcriptional activity of p53 is responsible for the activation of...Mitochondrial DNA mutations play significant role in prostate cancer
ATLANTA--Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) play an important role in the developm...his may be an important contributory factor in the mitochondrial enhancement of prostate cancer tumor growth. Because the study found that COI mutations were common ...Born to run? Capacity for aerobic exercise linked to risk of heart disease
...r of the paper. "In addition, we found evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the low-capacity rats. Compared to ...s that code for low levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial function. Our hypothesis is that impaired mitochondrial function may be what links low aerobic capac...Scientists reveal cells' 'energy factories' linked to cancer
...the first to find a molecular mechanism that links mitochondrial mutations to tumour formation. Increasing our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer is crucial if we are to find new ways of preventing, diagnosing and treating the disease in the future." "Succinate links TCA cycle dysfunction to oncogenes...Researchers at UT Southwestern discover new function for old enzyme
...s shown a new function for the enzyme keeping the mitochondrial genome intact. The study is available online and ...A in the cell nucleus. Cells that have lost their mitochondrial DNA do not pass on working mitochondria when they divide. Without working mitochondria, cells cannot...