Doernbecher Children's Hospital scientist earns coveted Javits award
...os or oligodendrocyteprogenitors) required to make myelin are easily killed by low blood flowto the brain. T...of these oligo-cells results in failure to makethe myelin required for normal brain function. Progress in preventing this brain injury has been slow, Back s...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...y, ATF3-expressing neurons were unable to overcome myelin inhibition. Thus ATF by itself did not completely recapitulate the benefits of preconditioning. Making Synapse with New Spines Takes Time U. Valentin Ngerl, German Kstinger, John C. Anderson, Kevan A. C. Martin, and Tobias Bonhoeffer Sometime...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...ression in oligodendrocytes; it reduced axonal and myelin loss after injury; and treated rats had better recovery of hindlimb locomotor function. News for the Left-Handed Stefan Klppel, Anna Vongerichten, Thilo van Eimeren, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, and Hartwig R. Siebner Most of us (90%) do just ab...JCI table of contents: July 12, 2007
...iple sclerosis? In multiple sclerosis (MS), the myelin that surrounds the axons of nerve cells is attacke...in basic protein (MBP) is a major component of the myelin sheath and when used as an antigen will induce experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in mice, w...Weizmann scientists discover a new line of communication between nervous system cells
...rounding the nerves an insulating material called myelin is damaged. Scientists at the Weizmann Institute...ial cells revolve around the axon, laying down the myelin sheath in segments, leaving small nodes of exposed nerve in between. More than just protection for t...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
... basically a picture of fluid-filled holes between myelin sheets. This pattern was apparent at 2 months of a...ed rats. Drug-treated animals also had more spared myelin and more axons reactive for serotonin or tyrosine hydroxylase. Injury caused a marked upregulation o...NIH awards $7.39 million to Burnham neurobiologists
...th coating nerve fibers, and the damage or loss of myelin (demyelination) severely impairs the ability of nerve fibers to conduct electrical signals. Multiple sclerosis is the most well known of the so-called demyelinating diseases. "With this funding, we expect to resolve how glial cells function in the ...New understanding of schizophrenia could lead to new treatment approaches
... fewer branches and formed a significantly thinner myelin sheath around nerve fibers. As a result, the nerve fibers conducted electrical impulses more slowly, the researchers found. The mice also had changes in the nerve cells that make and use dopamine, a key chemical in the brain that transmits messages...Deactivating protein may protect nerve fibers in MS
...eelchairs from MS is not an inflammatory attack on myelin of the central nervous system. It's the severing of the axons (nerve fibers), which is a permanent thing," Forte said. Inflammation triggers a chain of molecular events that leads to progressive nerve fiber deterioration in MS, including the develo...New imaging approach promises insights into multiple sclerosis
...new information about how the disease degrades the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers and enables t...ng to reveal new details about the spinal cord and myelin sheath, Cheng said. "Combining these three methods allows us to conduct more specific and precise ...Different approach needed to protect brains of premature infants
...ollow-up studies of axons before they're coated in myelin and of potential protective compounds. "This model turns out to be a powerful tool for seeking out and testing new drugs, so we want to test a number of new pharmaceuticals to see if any can protect axons early in brain development," Goldberg says...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...pecialized proteolipid protein (PLP) components of myelin membranes are expressed in the absence of neurons, but an unknown diffusible neuronal factor triggers a switch in PLP trafficking. This week, Kippert et al. investigated the trafficking of PLP from late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) to the plasma memb...Could estriol be the elixir for MS?
...lation wrapped around an electrical wire. When the myelin is damaged, the nerve's ability to send signals to and from the brain is interfered with, resulting in symptoms common to MS, including problems with balance, memory, vision loss and more. Currently, anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat MS lessen ...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...rats increased myelin-forming oligodendrocytes and myelin formation, an effect the authors attribute to prolactin. In corpus callosum and spinal cord, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) increased in early pregnancy, followed by an increase in oligodendrocytes. Postpartum, pregnancy-generated oligodendro...Pregnancy hormone increases nerve cells' insulation, restores damage
...that the hormone prolactin promotes an increase in myelin production and may have a use in treating multiple...es are transmitted from cell to cell. Reduction in myelin leads to a progressive loss of sensation and movement in MS patients. "Agents promoting remyelina...Pregnancy hormone key to repairing nerve cell damage
..., is directly responsible for the formation of new myelin in the brains and spinal cords of pregnant mice. F...S-like lesions were injected with prolactin, their myelin was also repaired. The research was based on evidence that MS, which is more common in women than ...Chemotherapy can be more toxic to brain cells than to cancer cells and may cause brain damage
...stem cells and oligodendrocytes, which produce the myelin insulation needed for normal neuronal function, and by impairing neural stem cell division. These results might explain the adverse neurological side effects - including reduction in cognitive abilities - observed in some cancer patients treated with...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
... M. Strittmatter Several molecules associated with myelin sheaths can keep damaged axons from regenerating. But studies examining one of these myelin-associated inhibitors, Nogo-A protein and its main receptor NgR1, have had surprisingly mixed results when assessed in knock-out mice. To clear up some of th...Blame myelin for many neuropsychiatric disorders
...sor George Bartzokis, M.D., has already shown that myelin problems are implicated in diseases that afflict b...ailable online, Bartzokis argues that the miles of myelin coating in our brain are the key "evolutionary change that defines our uniqueness as a species" and,...Movies reveal that the process of insulating nerves is surprisingly dynamic
... loss, depression and dementia. The formation of myelin sheaths during development requires a complex chor... period when the cells that ultimately produce the myelin sheathing spread throughout the developing nervous system. The results were published online in the ...