Fat rats reveal why short-term overeating can lead to obesity and diabetes
...h the critical role of this biochemical pathway in nutrient sensing in other animal models and, critically, in humans....Plant cells 'black out' when eaten by leafworms
...sed with concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the nutrient solution. A confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (see image) then showed that calcium ion concentration in the attacked leaves - in the presence of H2O2 - was clearly smaller than in mechanically wounded leaves. That could itself drastically reduce the...Locust research suggests that physical state has much to do with learning
...tend to be more easily stimulated when the missing nutrient is eventually encountered. The strong signal from these hairs pairs with a signal from the smell." "The locust forms an association between the two and a signal is then sent to the brain, where it gets processed," he said. "It seems locusts assign g...Tastier tomatoes in the future?
...otechnology, March 12, 2006). Tomatoes are a major nutrient for humans. In 2004, 120,000 tonnes of tomatoes were harvested worldwide - and every year this number increases. Numerous medical studies have shown the health value of tomatoes. Lycopen, the pigment that makes tomatoes red, can for example prevent h...Minimal cocktail for growing human embryonic stem cells established
... cell types. For hESCs to be useful in clinic, the nutrient mix they are grown in must be free of components that may contain toxins, viruses, or materials that might cause an immune response. Led by Michael Snyder , professor of molecular, cellular and developmental biology , his team has documented a sim...Prenatal genistein in soy reduces obesity in offspring
DURHAM, N.C. -- A single nutrient found in soy products elicits changes in gene beha... from yellow to brown, demonstrating that a single nutrient can have a widespread systemic impact, said the researchers. Genistein's effect occurred early in pr...Plants give pests sock in the gut
...logical tests show that caterpillars have impaired nutrient utilization when they eat the enzyme. They just ca...lar to the mucus layer in animals and is vital for nutrient utilization because it helps the flow of nutrients into the food gut. The researchers tested the p...Alaska seal pup diet may hold key to decline of population
...s.) Except for the fat content of the herring, the nutrient content was the same for both groups, Polasek explained. The researchers monitored the animals in the low fat group to ensure fat intake was not falling below minimal levels, she said. "We don't want to put them in nutritionally stressed situation th...Liver signal critical for insulin's brain action
... and insulin response by sensing and responding to nutrient levels and hormonal signals of energy intake and storage. In those with diabetes due to a lack of normal insulin or insulin resistance, blood sugar rises, a condition that can lead to tissue damage. An increase in glucose issued from the liver is la...'Dead zone' summer killed billions of ocean state mussels
... warm temperatures and a lack of circulation, this nutrient rush can cause algae blooms. When the algae dies, ...summer of 2003. Mussels, however, can help control nutrient overload and hypoxia by consuming phytoplankton, which reduces bottom-dwelling bacteria. "When we lo......nate their growth patterns to best respond to both nutrient availability as well as population density. While quorum sensing is a well-established mode of intercellular communication in bacteria, its role in fungal systems is still emerging. Dr. Chen and Fink found that S. cerevisiae use aromatic alcohols as ...UCSD study reveals how plants respond to elevated carbon dioxide
..., such as temperature, precipitation and available nutrient levels, will need to be considered before it will be possible to thoughtfully predict plant behavior based on molecular mechanisms. "These molecular mechanisms are like fundamental parts of machinery," explained Young. "It's hard to predict what an ...Highlights from the May 2006 Journal of the American Dietetic Association
...ents who play sports have better eating habits and nutrient intake than those who do not, according to researc...at the University of Minnesota. Eating habits and nutrient intake are two important factors that contribute to performance in sports. The need for adequate ene...African wetland managers armed with new technology
...ood and erosion prevention, water purification and nutrient recycling. For much of the 20th Century, wetlands were drained or otherwise degraded. However, growing understanding of the vital importance of wetlands led to the signing of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1971. Today more than 1 424 wetlands...NIH holds state-of-the-science conference on multivitamin/mineral supplements, May 15 - 17, 2006
...M supplements? 2. What is known about the dietary nutrient intake of MVM users versus non-users? 3. What is the efficacy of single vitamin/mineral supplement use in chronic disease prevention? 4. What is the efficacy of MVM in chronic disease prevention in the general population of adults? 5. What is know...Imbalance may trigger advance from fatty liver to liver failure
...in the liver is produced either from the essential nutrient choline or by so-called phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), an enzyme that converts PE to PC. Choline is a member of the B family of vitamins and is found in organ meats, wheat germ, leafy vegetables, and egg yolks. The team earlier...DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome
... Massachusetts. Important player in the carbon and nutrient cycles of aquatic sediments and in the bioremediation of organic and metal contaminants in groundwater. Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Samuel Kaplan, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston. Metabolically diverse, grows in wide variety of ...DNA: Bacteria's survival ration
...ors reported, "suggesting that the use of DNA as a nutrient may be a widespread phenomenon." The concept of nu...p. Nevertheless, Finkel said, DNA remains a backup nutrient for bacteria, being harder to digest than glucose and other simpler food sources....Overfishing puts Southern California kelp forest ecosystems at risk, report scientists
...ife. This information can then be used to estimate nutrient levels in the ocean. Organic coastal run-off from fertilizers and sewage overflow increases the amount of organic material in the near shore ocean. According to the study, differences in the amount of organic material do not have much effect on th......rtain colonies of green algae, flagella also boost nutrient uptake, according to surprising new research. In t...eory, said the surprise in the finding is that the nutrient current created by Volvox was proportional to the surface area of the colony. In other words, Volvox...