Record ozone loss during 2006 over South Pole
...rich air outside it. Envisat, the largest Earth observation satellite ever built, can localise ozone depletion...called GOME-2, intended to guarantee continuity of observation of this vital environmental factor well into the following decades. "Long-term measurements of oz...Green plants share bacterial toxin
... all the biochemical machinery to make lipid A, an observation that had gone largely unnoticed until now. Chloroplasts themselves are thought to have evolved from cyanobacteria, independent photosynthetic bacteria that took up residence in ancestral plant cells....Antioxidants: New kid on the block for pain relief?
...iscomfort. The researchers divided the 30-minute observation session into three distinct periods a five-minute acute phase, when the body first senses and reacts to pain, followed by a 5- to 15-minute period of relative stillness, as the body uses its own mechanisms to try to inhibit the pain, and ending with...Common cause of heart disease, diabetes may be treatable with malaria drug
...hey discovered that insulin can activate ATM. This observation led to studies in the Semenkovich lab showing the importance of ATM in metabolic syndrome. When the Kastan lab discovered that chloroquine can activate ATM, it provided a potential treatment intervention, the success of which is reported in this pape...Carnegie Mellon study reveals that odor discrimination is linked to the timing at which neurons fire
...econds. But, according to Urban, the most striking observation was that specific granule cells reliably fired with the same latency when they receive input from certain populations of mitral cells. Input from one group of mitral cells (hence, one set of odor receptors) caused certain granule cells to fire with a...Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells
...urs, prostate cancer in men is managed by watchful observation only. The immediate goal of our research is to develop agents such as MDL to fill this unmet medical need. If MDL, or any of the other agents that we are working with, can be expanded further to treat all high-risk men, we will be delighted."...Mouse model underestimates the critical role of Tyk2 in human immune system
...ther cytokines including IL-6, IL-10 and IL-23, an observation that is in stark contrast to earlier studies with Tyk2-deficient mice that exhibited partially impaired IFN signaling and normal IL-6 and IL-10 signaling. This discrepancy is most likely due to a species difference between humans and mice. When norma...Long-term cancer risk follows stem cell transplant recipients
...further increased when the patient was male. "This observation has not been previously reported in the literature and the explanation for this finding is uncertain," say the authors. "Since the risk of developing a solid neoplasm post-allogeneic transplantation continues to increase with time," suggest the aut...Prenatal alcohol exposure appears to increase an infant's stress response
...ry early gestational exposures is a very important observation for basic understandings of brain development, for public health warnings, and possibly for intervention." Haley and his colleagues examined the relationships between levels of PAE and infant stress responses. The authors used a modified version of......ead. Healthy carriers are also consistent with the observation that individual genotypes of Typhi persist for many decades within each country. Increasing resistance to antibiotics in recent decades has hampered efforts of clinicians to cure typhoid fever. The indiscriminate use of fluoroquinolones, which is a...TIGER workshop highlights project results
...d resource management and supports them with Earth observation (EO) data, training and tools. Results for the research stage were presented for the first time at the workshop in Cape Town, making it evident that the TIGER training sessions held throughout the year to familiarise users to EO data and techniques w...Increase in carbon dioxide emissions accelerating
...ollected at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's observation station in Cape Grim, showed growth rates of just over one part per million in the early 1980s, but in recent years carbon dioxide has increased at almost twice this rate. "The trend over recent years suggests the growth rate is accelerating, signify......cidence of males having only one X chromosome. The observation that a mutant him 8 gene gives rise to a high incidence of males is what gave the gene its name. "In all organisms, sex chromosomes do special things," says Dernburg. "For example, in species where an X and Y chromosome make a male, only very smal...Gene-bender proteins may sway to DNA
...opped-flow measurements, provided the first direct observation of DNA bending when bound to a DNA-bending protein. "We found that the time-scales on which DNA was bending were very similar to previously reported time-scales on which individual base-pairs that hold the two DNA strands together were transiently ...How mammals fuel milk production may have implications for cancer
...ke and utilization is consistent with the frequent observation of constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in a wide range of human cancers, including those of the breast. Cancer cells also commonly exhibit increased rates of glucose uptake as part of a shift toward a greater reliance on that sugars bre...Regulating the nuclear architecture of the cell
...loops of repeating sequences, in cell nuclei. This observation led Karpen and Peng to propose a specific mechanism by which H3K9 methylation and RNAi pathways regulate nuclear organization. When the H3K9 methylation pathway is functioning properly, heterochromatin remains condensed and a single nucleolus form....... Somehow the bad guys find a workaround. That observation led Norman Pavelka, Giulia Rancati, and Rong Li, r...such as drugs) that are meant to kill them. The observation that both yeast and cancer cells evolve chromosome duplications to work around lethal stresses sugge...Extreme life, marine style highlights 2006 ocean census
...an familiar species. Most Census fish counters' observation off the New Jersey coast of 20 million fish swarmed in a school the size of Manhattan Island qualifies as most new abundance found. Sound emitted by a new ship-based technology illuminates life in an oceanic area tens of thousands times larger than p...CellSearch System cleared for monitoring metastatic breast cancer
...ecificity and reproducibility allow for more rapid observation of CTCs as early as the first cycle of treatment helping to evaluate disease progression sooner. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer claims approximately 40,000 lives each year, the vast majority of which are a result of recurren......riodically reset." Perhaps most surprising is the observation that the olfactory bulb clock can run independent of daily rhythms in sleep-wake or the SCN, making it the Big Ben of the mammalian circadian rhythm world. "It seems to be one of those biological clocks that can keep running itself for a long time,...