JCI table of contents: July 20, 2006
...genesis of lung cancer is further supported by the observation that there was more Raf-1 associated with Rb in 8 out of 10 tumor samples examined, compared to the adjacent normal tissues. These observations suggest a role for RbRaf-1 interaction in the genesis of lung cancer. These studies shed new light on th...Johns Hopkins researchers find link between cell's energy use and genome health
...se lifespan, allowing the yeast to live longer, an observation that fits their findings. ...Sound investment: A new mathematical method provides a better way to analyze noise
... the noise that surrounded it. One fundamental observation enabled this vast improvement: They were able to visualize the areas in which there was no sound at all. The two researchers used white noise -- hissing similar to what you might hear on an un-tuned FM radio -- because it's the most complex sound ava...UF scientists discover evolutionary origin of fins, limbs
...t place," Burke said. "To translate a 19th century observation about fin development into modern molecular data is a great thing for science. It has become increasingly important to understand developmental processes in our attempts to understand evolution."...Human behavior changes the number of strains of infectious diseases
...f an infectious disease can exist at one time, but observation suggests otherwise. In a study in the August issue of The American Naturalist, Ken Eames and Matt Keeling (University of Warwick) use a mathematical model to help explain multiple strains, showing that the way humans interact is all-important. The re...Shorter tuberculosis therapies could lead to substantial reductions in cases and deaths
...elies on four or more drugs administered under the observation of health care workers for at least six months. No new first-line TB drugs have been developed in over 30 years, but recently an array of promising new drug candidates have been identified, which raises hopes that novel, shorter regimens may enter th...Innovative method for creating a human cytomegalovirus vaccine outlined
...a vaccine. The Wistar scientists began with the observation that mice harbor a species-specific form of CMV that is unable to sustain an infection in humans and is completely harmless to them. They then asked whether, using recombinant technologies, there might not be a way to shift the mouse-specific virus c......the standard two copies are present. "The main observation from our work is that subtelomeres can dominate a chromosome to such an extent that a very small proportion of a chromosome is truly diploid," Melville explains. "These huge subtelomeres are largely non-coding DNA, yet they contain 'contingency genes...Gabriela Cezar's stem cell research targets birth defects and cancer
...uam says. Lab results are correlating with in vivo observation of birth defects, she adds. "We're starting to make a lot of progress." Cancer research in Cezar's lab focuses on isolating and characterizing cancer cells in order to explore treatment alternatives. By comparing parental and tumor cell lines, Cez...Surprise finding for stretched DNA
...oupling constant of DNA is a negative value. This observation also implies that if we overwind the DNA, the molecule should get longer. Indeed, we found that Overwinding caused the DNA molecule to extend by about 0.5 nanometers per turn." To explain the overwinding, Bustamante and his coauthors have proposed ...Agriculture and tropical conservation: rethinking old ideas
...n. When you couple that ecological theory with the observation of highly fragmented forests in the Atlantic coast rainforest, the real question is not how much forest is left, but what's between those patches that are left, and will it support the necessary migrations from patch to patch as local extinctions occ...Light guides flight of migratory birds
... Phillips. The research provides support for an observation Phillips had published 20 years ago. In the mid 1980s, he was doing research to determine how homing pigeons navigated. There was a theory that wind-borne odors provide pigeons with information about the locations of odor sources, which could then be...ACS News Service Weekly PressPac -- August 9, 2006
...e ACS journal Nano Letters, describes experimental observation of electric power production with "nanogenerators" fashioned from a single zinc oxide nanowire and a nanowire belt. In earlier research, Wang's group discovered that zinc oxide nanowires produce electricity via a long-known phenomenon termed the pizo...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...acted considerable distances (5 m) during a 30 min observation period. The GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline, which increases neural activity, stabilized spines but had no apparent effect on astrocyte motility. In general, interactions between astrocyte processes and larger spines were more stable than tho...Structure determined for key molecular complex involved in long-term gene storage
...es, such as cancer," says Adams. An unanticipated observation from the study centers on the region of association between the two molecules in the complex. The researchers knew that one of the two molecules in the complex, called ASF1, associated with a particular molecular partner, HIRA, when directing assembl...Researchers identify taste receptor responsible for caffeine detection
...thylxanthine compounds to the nervous system. This observation also solidified the evidence that caffeine detection is functioning through a taste receptor, rather than a nonreceptor signaling route known to be affected by both caffeine and theobromine. Though the route by which caffeine activates mammalian ta...Deep sea explorer and marine conservationist wins MacArthur Fellowship
...ation and equipment to enable unobtrusive deep-sea observation of environments. Working with engineers, she has built a number of unique devices that enable scientists to see the ocean in new ways, including HIDEX, a bathyphotometer that measures how much bioluminescence there is in the oceans and LoLAR, a very ...Invasive sea squirts persist on Georges Bank
...of up to 0.8 miles in length using the USGS seabed observation and sampling system (SEABOSS). Preliminary evaluation of the images show the gravel is 50 to 75 percent covered at some study sites, a marked increase from last year. Dawn Sephton, a biologist from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, ...Arctic Meltdown, Global Effects: Transatlantic Research Conference
...Research Conference focuses on the Arctic as a key observation post for global climate change. The conference will emphasize the importance of transatlantic research cooperation and explore how research on the Arctic can form a basis for policy initiatives. Additional program includes exhibits at the Smithsoni...Researchers receive $12.8 million NIH grant to improve diagnosis/treatment of chronic lung disease
...ith IPF have exaggerated immune response. This new observation may suggest that not all patients will respond to the same therapy and may suggest that some patients will respond to specific drugs that modify the immune system. "This project should allow us what genes are active in a specific patient during disea...