Bursts of waves drive immune system 'soldiers' toward invaders
...it leaves in its wake," he says. The scientists observed the Hem-1 activation of actin assembly and actin's inhibition of Hem-1 accumulation. The "recruitment" component was not directly observed, but is consistent with their observations and experiments. In the research, the team used the fluorescently ...Features of replication suggest viruses have common themes, vulnerabilities
...ods of time." The balloon-like sacs or spherules observed by Ahlquist and his colleagues all had narrow necks that transcended the membrane of the organelle to the cytoplasm, the medium inside the cell and in which the organelle is suspended. The neck is a gateway that appears to permit substrates needed fo...Risk of common vaginal infection linked to preterm birth appears higher for blacks
...e birth are not well understood. Reasons for the observed variance in BV rates among racial groups also are not well understood, Dr. Simhan said. There could be genetic differences that relate to why infection rates are different, and maybe some differences in nutritional status that could play a part. Bu...High blood pressure, low energy -- a recipe for heart failure
...were exposed to pressure overload, the researchers observed signs of early heart failure: the mouse hearts dilated and didn't contract effectively, the heart walls thinned, fibrous connective tissue accumulated and some heart cells died. They also saw that the hearts had depleted fuel reserves. Kelly indicat...New, more direct pathways from outside the cell-to-cell nuclei discovered
...ellular functions are regulated." Gavin has only observed direct pathways from the extracellular environment...beads into the area outside of the cell. They then observed the cells phagocytose (eat) the beads, which gradually moved to the nucleus. The arrival of the phag...Circadian clock controls plant growth hormone
...ight. A circadian response to auxin was actually observed in 1937 but then forgotten for 70 years, Harmer said. The researchers hope to understand exactly why having a functional internal clock is important for plant health. ...Scientists show that mitochondrial DNA variants are linked to risk factors for type 2 diabetes
... variation in the nuclear genome. Any differences observed between the two rat strains could be attributed to variation in the mitochondria. When comparing the two rat strains, the researchers found that the two strains exhibited significant differences related to energy metabolism and storage. One rat st...1 of deep ocean's most turbulent areas has big impact on climate
...is generating one of the most turbulent areas ever observed in the deep ocean. In fact, the turbulence pack...luence the Earth's climate, he said. The mixing we observed and measured for our study allows the warmth at the surface of the ocean to diffuse deep into the se...JCI table of contents: Aug. 9, 2007
...gene was therefore much decreased. This effect was observed specifically in the precursors of immune cells known as myeloid cells. This study raises the possibility that genetic mutations in UREs might have a critical role in the development of cancer. TITLE: A distal single nucleotide polymorphism alters l...Study finds gender differences in renal and other genes contributing to blood pressure
...hibit gender bias and gender differences have been observed in the development of high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart (cardiovascular) disease. Previous studies have reported that gender may affect vascular physiology and the bodys response to some types of blood pressure medications. Although gend...Cardio exercise benefits in male vs. female hearts
...t against cardiovascular diseases. The researchers observed the voluntary exercise (using a running wheel) of both male and female mice during the course of 5 weeks. They also held a control group of mice under the same conditions, but without the exercise wheel. Each mouse's daily distance, time, and average......g; however groundwater quality has not been widely observed and the effectiveness of cover crops on water contamination has not been documented. The studies revealed that atrazine and some of its products may seep into the groundwater and impair water quality. Climate, cropping patterns, high dilution rates...In a first, Einstein scientists discover the dynamics of transcription in living mammalian cells
...truction of the rest of the RNA molecule). As they observed the RNA polymerase II molecules attaching to DNA a...thing is precisely coordinated. The researchers observed that the binding phase of transcription lasted six seconds and initiation lasted 54 seconds. By cont...A sensory organ, not the brain, differentiates male and female behavior in some mammals
... females had given birth, Dulac and her colleagues observed a striking lack of maternal behavior. After giving birth, wild-type female mice spend about 80 percent of their time in their nest nursing their newborns, but the mutant females would readily wander away after about two days of motherhood, eventually...... repaired in yeast, although these have never been observed in mammals. The fact that RIF concentrate in specific regions of the human cell nucleus and apparently tend to move toward shared sites is highly suggestive of such repair centers, where activities like the necessary clamping and orientation of the...Biologists at Tufts University discover 1 reason why chromosomes break, often leading to cancer
...st ten years, researchers in genome stability have observed that many kinds of cancer are associated with areas where human chromosomes break. They have hypothesized but never proven that slow or altered replication led to the chromosomes breaking. In a Tufts University study published in the Aug. 3 journ...Handicapping tuberculosis may be the way to a better vaccine
... a more dramatic immune response. The researchers observed that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which are needed for eliminating a pathogen and establishing a memory response, proliferated much more in the mice that had been infected with the apoptosis-inducing strain. This means that the immune system was a...Penn researchers discover pathway that eliminates genetic defects in red blood cells
...cular surveillance pathway has not been previously observed and predicts that theres something quite unusual about how RNAs are handled in red blood cells. Were interested in how this specific surveillance system works in red blood cells because such understanding will increase our knowledge of how these cell...JCI table of contents: August 1, 2007
...zed. Importantly, the retrovirus integration sites observed in cells from successfully treated patients were not significantly different from those observed in cells from patients that went on to develop leukemia-like disease. As discussed in the accompanyi...New study demonstrates important role of glia in circadian timing
... in one of the commonly studied rhythmic behaviors observed in Drosophilalocomotor activity. Not only do our studies indicate that Ebony abundance is under clock control, Jackson says, but they also suggest that Ebony may exert its effects on locomotor activity indirectly via a modulation of dopamine neurotra...