Joslin scientists show knocking out two key signals will cause diabetes
...chnique to turn off the two substrates in a living organism in just one tissue at a time. Previous studies had shown that mice bred without the genes for either IRS-1 didn't develop diabetes, while those lacking IRS-2 developed diabetes, but this was primarily because of a defect in the beta cell, so evaluati...Promising anti-TB compound finally can be synthesized with ease
...ucts, so little could be extracted from the marine organism that full biological evaluation was not possible. To circumvent the problem, chemists have concentrated their efforts on producing the compounds in the laboratory. Davies explained that the compounds have proven remarkably difficult to...Rat brain's executive hub quells alarm center if stress is controllable
...) as rats exposed to uncontrollable stress. "If an organism can cope behaviorally with an event, there's no ne...assumed that when stressors are uncontrollable the organism learns this, and that it is this uncontrollability that sets off the neural cascade," explained Maie...Study methods, strains of Pfiesteria are both critical in determining organism's toxicity
...ess toxicity and a related nontoxic, single-celled organism similar to Pfiesteria. FMAs were used to test larval fish in small containers with and without direct exposure to Pfiesteria. These tests examined whether direct contact with Pfiesteria was needed to cause death, and whether fish could become sick o...HHMI professor, 138 undergraduates identify essential genes in eye formation
...mutation in their eye cells but not throughout the organism and so, survive. Achieving that goal required what Gerald Call, a postdoctoral fellow who works with Banerjee, called a "genetic trick" called mitotic recombination, in which chromosomes switch segments during cell division. This runs completely con...Charles Yanofsky named National Medal of Science winner
...mal cells. ''Everything the body does, or that an organism is capable of doing, is controlled by the genes that specify a certain set of proteins or enzymes,'' said Robert D. Simoni, professor of biological sciences. ''Charley has studied and made the most fundamental observations about how the expression of...Researchers find missing genes of ancient organism
... Biochemistry at Yale focuses on the most ancient organism with a known genome sequence. Nanoarchaeum equitans, is a member of a new phylogenetic kingdom in the Archaea containing organisms that are primitive, parasitic and extremophile, or notable for living in the most extreme environments. Surprisingly, ...Biological clock may shut down long-term memory at night
...em (i.e. Aplysia) were quickly applied to a higher organism (i.e. mammals). They found that glutamate transport increased in the brains of mammals during learning as also found in Aplysia. (See related release at http://www.uh.edu/admin/media/nr/2002/032002/eskinlearning.html .) Coming to UH more than 25......ta from sequencing projects. When the genome of an organism is sequenced, the genome of endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the organism can get incorporated into the data, contaminating the final genomic sequence of the host organism. S...Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer
...lytica genome in its transition from a free-living organism into a parasite of the human gut. At the same time...istolytica was long considered to be a 'primitive' organism originating from the time that bacterial lineages diverged from eukaryotic lineages because the am...Growth in the sea comes down to a struggle for iron
... able to lock up iron. And in many cases, only the organism that built the molecule in the first place has the key to unlock it, says Wells. "It's basically chemical warfare by the bacteria in soils, trying to get the iron. They specifically target iron with these molecules. Siderophores don't complex other ...Three bacterial genomes found lurking inside recently sequenced fruit fly genomes
...anisms that live their entire lives inside another organism and have developed a mutual dependence with the host - would have had their DNA intermixed with fly DNA before sequencing. The sequencers of other genomes, especially the human genome, were more careful to eliminate any endosymbionts or parasites, he...NHGRI targets 12 more organisms for genome sequencing
...ight strains of rats. The marmoset is a key model organism used in neurobiological studies of multiple sclero... School of Medicine, St. Louis. Assignment of each organism to a specific center or centers will be determined at a later date. NHGRI's selection process begin...DOE JGI launches IMG public online microbial genome data clearinghouse
...own function in multiple species selected from the organism browser may yield clues of what its role might be in your particular species," said Andersen. "The interface is quite intuitive, which is a benefit for someone like me that does not like to read manuals." John Taylor, professor of plant and microbia...Future diabetes drugs may target new protein interaction
...or sure whether sirtuin1 helps extend lifespan (an organism issue) or is merely involved in cellular aging (a cell-by-cell issue) in mammals will take much more work. Sirtuin1's potential as a target for treating diabetes is much closer, says Puigserver. The researchers are now probing the pyruvate-sirtuin1 c...Weizmann Institute scientists discover how substitutions are made for injured genes
... were expressed simultaneously so as to supply the organism with needed quantities of proteins. But Pilpel and his team showed that, in fact, when the original gene is up and running, the others are off playing at their own sports. Only when that gene is damaged or deleted, do the substitutes get called onto ...New 6m biocentre to revolutionise the production of safer medicines
...tical companies to understand how every gene in an organism works and reacts. This will provide them with the tools they need to develop safer and more effective medicines and will put Manchester on the map as one of the world centres for systems biology research." The 6m grant has been awarded by The Biotech...Classical subject underpins new biomedical advances
...s described by Aristotle as the study of the whole organism and its component parts. It is now at the forefront of current biomedical advances as it seeks to understand how the catalogue of our genes, the human genome, is exploited to generate and maintain the human body." Michael J. Shipston, Professor of Ph...A regulatory network analysis of phenotypic plasticity in yeast
...ne what kinds of genes determine whether or not an organism displays phenotypic plasticity. A previous study m...x genetic architecture that determines how well an organism can respond to environmental change....VUMC researchers find drug-resistant bacteria MRSA a growing threat
... number of asymptomatic individuals who harbor the organism in their bodies. In fact, in a recent analysis of...ue to the staphylococcus germ were due to MRSA, an organism that can produce a variety of physical manifestations across a spectrum, from the very minor, all th...