JCI table of contents November 1, 2004
...ing in an arena that disregards common interest or points of view. Donald Landry and Howard Zucker, of the University of Columbia, now offer a commentary that presents a potential means for creating common ground in this debate. The authors propose applying the ethics and standards of organ donation, which...U-M researcher examines the cell's housekeeping habits
...s either a good thing or a bad thing. The evidence points both ways. "It's likely to be both, depending on when it happens," said Daniel Klionsky, a research professor at the University of Michigan Life Sciences Instituteand professor of molecular cellular and developmental biology and biological chemist...NYU team develops enhanced algorithm for detecting changes in cancer genomes
...iated with various forms of cancer and ultimately, points to locations of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, the algorithm can be used to account for the varied genomes present across human population. An earlier version of the algorithm as well as several other competing algorithms we...First Max Planck Partner Institute in China
...erman and Chinese universities additional starting points for cooperation and exchanges among scientists. ...Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory
...es the strong effects of streamside vegetation and points to the important role of streams in preventing high nutrient exports and the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems," said Mulholland, whose findings will be published in Biogeochemistry. The research was performed on the Walker Branch Water...In a tiny squid, bacterial toxin governs organ development
...al symbiotic relationship, the Wisconsin scientist points out, almost certainly arose within the grand scheme of evolution where "all animals arose in the microbial soup of the ocean. In that context," she notes, "animals could develop a set of body plans that repel bacteria or associate with them." In...Rethinking new therapies for Crohn's disease at U.Va.
...ocks the production of the type 1 cytokine TNF. He points out that infliximab therapy does not relieve Crohn's symptoms or induce remission in some patients. Plus, type 1 cytokines are important in combating infections, and blocking them can reactivate latent tuberculosis in some patients. Cominelli al...Automated scans let scientists track drugs' broad effects on cells
...d, cytological profiling preserves individual data points -- so researchers can go back and analyze fine-grain information. "By allowing quantitative measurement of many proteins and structures in cells over many samples, and systematic comparison between samples, our method brings microscopy into t...New gene therapy promising for treating Fabry disease
...py vector activity in treated live mice at various points in their lives over a significant time-span using a marker gene and bioluminescent imaging. They tracked the marking enzyme's activity in the body and in various individual organs, including the brain. Medin's findings have special relevance in Can...New protein identified in development of lung cancer
...a possible new target for intervention. Villalona points out that new drugs are already on the market that can inhibit the activity of the proteasome, and suggests that these drugs may be able to counter Pirh2's oncogenic behavior by restoring p53 function. Additional studies would be needed to demonstrate...2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species reveals 15,589 species at risk of extinction
...us outlook and the many gaps in knowledge, the GSA points out that species can (and many have) been saved from extinction, although the majority of threatened species require much more action to improve their status. In this sense, the IUCN Red List can serve as an effective tool to guide conservation pract...Scientists develop 'electronic eye' for the blind
... lines (called the band width) and a set of linear points on the edges of the white lines, to give an accurate way of detecting what is or isn't a crossing in a given image. They used this technique to analyse 196 images and it proved successful in detecting whether there was a crossing present in 194 of t...Low-carb diet during pregnancy improved triglycerides, fat metabolism in offspring
...y has not been extensively researched, a new study points to some positive benefits for the adult offspring of low-carb dieters. A team of U.K. scientists at the University of Southampton School of Medicine have found that female pups born to mice who were fed a diet high in unsaturated fat and protein, a......crophones on a SENTRI acoustic units unit. It then points a camera, turns on lights, sounds an alarm, and alerts police units. Field tests with real guns (45 cal, 38 cal, 9 mm) have shown 95% accuracy with respect to gunshot recognition, and 100% accuracy with respect to centering the camera on the sh...Improved molecular switch could serve as sensor, medical tool
...r loop. Then, they snipped this "ribbon" at random points before inserting the beta-lactamase in random locations in the maltose binding protein. This technique, called random circular permutation, increases the likelihood that the two proteins will be fused in a manner in which they can communicate with ea...Revisiting the vertebrate invasion of the land
...spawning provides habitat segregation at different points in the life history, with air emergence early in the life cycle and a return to water at hatching. With regard to excretory nitrogen metabolism, modern tropical air-breathing fishes exhibit a variety of strategies to survive on land, and they repr...Chimpanzee brains are asymmetrical in key areas and their handedness reflects it
...ther a chimp becomes a lefty or a righty. Hopkins points out that chimps are also strongly right-handed for manual gestures and throwing, a clue to the origins of more general right-hand dominance in both chimps and humans. This second study also confirms that handedness goes way back. Its findings...Wolves gone, western ecosystems suffer
...been increasing in recent years. Growing evidence points to the importance of conserving these animals because they have cascading effects on lower trophic levels." A similar point, they said, was made by the great naturalist Aldo Leopold in 1949, who predicted this crisis."I ...Researchers show how botulism toxin ensnares its target
...n interface area for such a complex, with numerous points of contact." Another notable finding, said Brunger, was that binding of the toxin to its target causes significant conformational change of the enzyme, which quite likely activates its ability to cleave the protein. When the researchers compared the ...Study shows PET/CT imaging can help diagnose and define occult recurrent cancer
...uspected Occult Recurrence of Cancer?" Their study points to an affirmative answer, said Israel, who also noted the need for these initial results to be confirmed in large studies with more homogenous patient populations. The research team studied 36 cancer patients for whom blood tests showed increasing le...