Columbia University scientist wins 2004 Nobel Prize
...which gave them further insights into how smell is processed in the brain. Each olfactory receptor cell possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances, so the olfactory receptor cells are highly specialized for a few odors. Most odors are comp...New biosensor rapidly detects deadly foodborne pathogen
...ady-to-eat products, which are cooked or otherwise processed for human consumption before they make it to a gro..."We don't expect high numbers of microorganisms in processed products, so we need to be able to detect extremely low levels of contamination." Det...MIT: Recycling of scrapped electronics studied
...not just on how much of a firm's incoming waste is processed but also on the quality and reusability of the materials produced from it, a consideration critical to overall resource efficiency. To assess the performance of electronics recycling firms, people have focused mainly on the most easily measured in...Consuming fruits and vegetables lowers risk of developing NHL
...xcluding juices), yellow/orange/red vegetables and processed tomato products such as tomato sauce and tomato juice. For specific nutrients, higher intakes of both selenium and zinc were also associated with lower risk of NHL. The researchers found no strong link to increased intakes of the individual vitamin...Bug's-eye-view of urinary tract reveals E.coli infection genes
...illiliters (one-half ounce) of urine, which Snyder processed immediately to stabilize the RNA before it could degrade. After 10 days, Snyder processed the collected RNA to create DNA copies of the RNA molecules. Working with co-author Rodney A. Welch ...Evidence that learning is consolidated during sleep
...e critical evidence that spatial memory traces are processed during NREM sleep in humans," wrote the scientists. "Moreover, the hippocampal activity during sleep is shown to correlate with the improvement in memory performance on the next day. To the extent of our knowledge, this effect has not yet been report...Asymmetric organs and microRNA-directed DNA modification
...n which the microRNA interacts with nascent, newly processed PHB mRNA to alter chromatin of the corresponding PHB template DNA predominantly in differentiated cells." The authors speculate that microRNAs provide a general repression of PHB and PHV during development and that specific regions of the plant may ...Tiny exosomes extracted from donor cells may be 'magic bullet' for drug-free transplants
...ound are captured by recipient dendritic cells and processed in a manner important for cell-surface recognition...lled MHC-II enriched compartments, where they were processed with the dendritic cell's own MHC molecules. This hybrid MHC-II molecule, now loaded with a peptide ...A new species of amyloid peptide
...c. Alternatively, amyloid precursor protein can be processed by the enzymes β-secretase and γ-secretase to produce a soluble ectodomain along with the full-length amyloidogenic amyloid β-peptide and the intracellular C-terminal domain. Although amyloid precursor protein is found in many cells, i...Canola study solves seed oil mystery
...team tagged carbon atoms and tracked how they were processed by developing canola seeds. During the conversion of sugars to oils, researchers expected to see the tagged carbon go through a step-by-step series of chemical reactions known as glycolysis, used by all plants and animals to turn sugar into...Chemical process developed to use cotton gin residue
...the cotton gin residue and successfully chemically processed the material. The processes allow them to extract the glucose that can be used to make ethanol and the xylose that can be made into xylitol. The preliminary work was supported by the Southern Regional Biomass Energy Program. The project offers ...UCI researchers create new technique for speeding development of vaccines
...or vaccines by allowing hundreds of proteins to be processed simultaneously using ordinary laboratory procedures. This new method allows the expression of 384 individual genes pieces of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins from a microorganism in just one week. Traditional methods take weeks to ...Researchers find local environment directly influences adult stem cell reservoirs
... stem cells, release signals that are received and processed by stem cells and the daughters remaining in the niche. These molecular signals block certain genes from becoming active in the remaining stem cell daughters, preventing them from becoming any other kind of cell. Genes controlling differentiation...National survey shows Americans are in the dark regarding genetically modified foods
...ctivity. Estimates suggest that as much as 80% of processed foods in the United States contain a component from a genetically modified crop, such as corn starch, high-fructose corn syrup, canola oil, soybean oil, soy flour, lecithin, or cotton-seed oil. Despite the abundance of products with GM ingredients, ...Experimental radar provides 3-D forest view
...jects relative to the instrument. This can then be processed to form a complete three-dimensional picture." In the case of forests, Pol-InSAR typically relies on longer L- or P- band wavelengths upon in preference to the shorter C-band wavelengths used by the radar satellites currently in orbit - these code ...McGill researchers shed light on formation of carcinogen in food
...and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in processed foods, especially canned or bottled foods. A new s... furan-containing products have been found in some processed and cooked products, especially canned and bottled foods, there's no reason for consumers to change ...Marine seaweed can detoxify organic pollutants
...causes. Ongoing studies found that marine seaweeds processed toxins to a much less harmful form, and in a way that did not appear to harm the seaweed. The biochemistry involved, they say, is similar to that found in many land organisms, but more powerful and effective. Until now, the capability of marine seawe...New Georgia Tech micro-CT imaging technique to help tissue engineers improve bone regeneration
... available from human donors. But allografts are processed to avoid transmitting any diseases from the donor to the patient, leaving the bone sterile but dead. Allografts therefore lack living cells that could help the implants better integrate with existing bone. Consequently, they don't heal as well as aut...Genome of deadly amoeba shows surprising complexity, evidence of lateral gene transfer
...nvironmental cues into signaling events, which are processed by the parasite. Another unusual feature of the genome is the presence of an unprecedented number of tRNA (transfer RNA) genes, which constitute nearly 10 percent of the sequence data collected for the project. These genes appear to be present ......sunlight, along with carbon dioxide and water, are processed by the phytoplankton to form carbohydrates for building cells. SeaWiFS measures this greenness. While the study refers to the measurement of chlorophyll a concentrations in the ocean, researchers use the measures of chlorophyll a to estimate amounts ...