JCI table of contents September 1, 2005
...sing biochemically and functionally, and conferred proper channel function to human bronchial cells from cystic fibrosis patients. This work represents a strategy to treat cystic fibrosis, by treating the underlying CFTR defect. TITLE: Small molecule correctors of defective deltaF508-CFTR cellular proces...Blocking a premature aging syndrome with anticancer drugs
...eshed other scaffolding proteins, preventing their proper integration into the lamina. If progerin's sticking to the inner nuclear membrane is indeed the culprit in nuclear blebbing and the root of the HGPS defect, Capell reasoned that he could prevent these defects by blocking farnesylation of progerin. C...Anti-cancer drugs may hold promise for premature aging disorder
...eshed other scaffolding proteins, preventing their proper integration into the lamina. If progerin's tendency to stick to the inner nuclear membrane is indeed the culprit in nuclear blebbing and the root of the progeria defect, Capell and his colleagues reasoned that they could prevent these defects by bloc...Metal-based medicine could treat diseases in the body
...pletely destroying the target." He hopes that with proper tailoring to certain metabolic enzymes, these strategies could work against cancer. He also sees applications in homeland security, such as complexes that destroy the anthrax bacterium. Even though these new complexes are partly made of metal, drugs ...Scientists discover the molecular switch for nerve cells' insulating jelly rolls
...an their unmyelinated cousins and are critical for proper neurological function. However, it wasn't known what actually initiated myelin production. The neuregulin gene encodes a growth protein made by neurons. Last year a group of German scientists discovered that it was implicated in determining the thic...Competing proteins influence strength of tooth enamel
... appears to weaken enamel, it too is necessary for proper tooth formation. "All the data suggests that it [DPP] is one of the few proteins that seems to be involved with the very early stages of mineralization," Paine said. The fine balance between DSP and DPP highlights the delicacy of the critical denti...Illinois research zeroing in on optimum soil nitrogen rates
... plant populations and crop residue management for proper usage of nitrogen fertilizers. "Our work involved 102 on-farm nitrogen-response studies conducted throughout Illinois in six growing seasons from 1990 to 2003. A site-by site evaluation of the proven-yield method showed that current fertilizer recom...One shot: A molecular movie of events that enable sperm to penetrate egg's coating
...ed membrane fusion processes that are critical for proper cell divisions, infection of cells by bacteria and viruses, and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. "The field is very actively searching for ways to regulate exocytosis--to regulate the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas to preve...UCSD study of nuclear receptors could change anti-inflammatory treatments
... we are looking at a 'tuning system' to maintain a proper level of immunity, but without an inappropriate inflammatory response that would contribute to a chronic disease state," Glass said. The researchers have also, for the first time, identified on a genome-wide level how these proteins work to influen...NIEHS awards $37 million to train emergency and hazardous waste workers
...ste clean-up efforts than to provide them with the proper training and education," said NIEHS Director David A. Schwartz, M.D. "These awards will provide workers with the skills and knowledge they need to protect themselves, their communities, and our environment from exposure to hazardous materials." Some ...Researchers create functioning artificial proteins using nature's rules
...mation contained within that sequence produces the proper structure. All proteins are made up of 20 specific amino acids. Even for a small protein made up of 100 amino acids, the number of possible combinations of amino acids is staggering, many times more than the number of atoms in the known universe. "H...Hormones and growth: The control of body size and developmental growth rate in fruit flies
... developing flies sense that they have reached the proper size to initiate a new phase of development. Their new findings show that the prothoracic gland'the organ that releases ecdysone'itself acts as a size-sensing tissue. The researchers found that by manipulating the growth of specific cells within the ...Study points to molecular origin of neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease
...cules are simple unbranched chains of amino acids; proper folding into an intricate shape enables these molecules to perform their biological function. Researchers used computer simulations to mimic polyglutamine behavior. The UNC study showed that when the number of glutamine repeats exceeds a critical val...Cancer drug might help kids with fatal 'aging' syndrome
...hunk is the active part, and it's critical for the proper function and organization of cells' nuclei. In children with progeria, however, a genetic mutation causes a piece of the original lamin A protein to be deleted, a discovery made by National Institutes of Health researchers and reported in 2003. The H...Inheritance, smoking spawn mysterious and deadly lung disease
...tem from a common genetic defect that prevents the proper repair of lung injury, the researchers report in a forthcoming issue of American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. IIP is a form of pulmonary fibrosis, a group of diseases characterized by scarring of the lungs. The condition, for w...Reconstructed 1918 flu virus providing insights for potential pandemics
...the form of the virus in circulation to obtain the proper antigenic qualities. After several generations of ...ains are sorted through to identify which have the proper combination of characteristics. Reverse genetics circumvents this usual procedure. Researchers can ......ost no progeny," Maricq says. "They don't have the proper synchronized ovulation. The egg has to be timed to...t can cut eggs up when timing is off." And without proper rhythmic contractions, eggs also may be too young or too old to be fertilized when they reach the sp...Scientists learn to predict protein-stabilizing ability of small molecules
...ound the cell can cause the proteins to lose their proper shape and prevent them from functioning properly. Osmolytes, however, are able to force proteins to take on the correct shape and stay on the job. "You can think of protein structure as origami, like strips of paper folded up into unique structures,"...Latest study: Scientists say no evidence exists that therapod dinosaurs evolved into birds
...have made it difficult for opposing views to get a proper hearing. "With the advent of 'feathered dinosaurs,' we are truly witnessing the beginnings of the meltdown of the field of paleontology," he said. "Just as the discovery a four-chambered heart in a dinosaur described in 2000 in an article in Science ...Researchers find a potential key to human immune suppression in space
...the activation of T-cells, which are essential for proper immune function. Hughes-Fulford found that in the simulated absence of gravity, the PKA pathway did not respond to the pathogen's presence; as a result, 91 genes were not induced and eight genes were significantly inhibited, severely reducing the ac...