Scientists push forward understanding of multiple sclerosis
... in the first few years after birth, which ensures proper development of the human nervous system. If nerves do not get their myelin sheath, or if they lose it later because of diseases like MS, the nodes either don't form, or are disrupted, leading to a serious loss of nervous system function, which in tur...NC State scientist assists in cracking code of dog genome
...lion pieces of DNA, or genetic information, in the proper order after researchers at the Broad Institute dec...ting all the pagesof the book back together in the proper order." Funding for the dog genome project came from that National Human Genetics Research Institute...New study identifies key gene in development of connections between brain and spinal cord
...esearchers to determine that Fezl is necessary for proper development of neural connections to the spinal cord. "Normally, Fezl is required for certain brain cells to grow along the pathway that leads into the spinal cord. In the mice lacking the gene for Fezl, this pattern of spinal cord development was...A crucial role for TGFbeta signaling in congenital eye disorders
...authors show that TGFbeta signaling is crucial for proper differentiation and morphogenesis of NC-derived cells in eye structures. Conceivably, TGFbeta might be able to support differentiation not only during eye development but also at later stages. If so, this might open up new strategies for promoting re...Penn researchers provide recommendations for artificial nutrition and hydration
...reements about ANH and caused many to question its proper use. In response to such challenges, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania's Institute on Aging and Center for Bioethics, and the Philadelphia VA's Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion review and clarify ethical principles regard......eart tube cells is critical for heart assembly and proper shape, or morphology. The researchers found that mutation or misexpression of these proteins leads to misalignment of the heart tube and results in observed heart defects. "Although there is much interest in the understanding of the basis of heart......ans and patients with important information on the proper dosage of drugs metabolized and cleared from the body by the UGT1A1 pathway," said Lawrence Lesko, Ph.D., Director of the FDA's Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research in a press release iss...Science's Breakthrough of the Year: Watching evolution in action
...theory of biology since Darwin gave the theory its proper scientific debut in 1859. But Darwin probably never dreamed that researchers in 2005 would still be uncovering new details about the nuts and bolts of his theory -- how does evolution actually work in the world of influenza genes and chimpanzee genes...Researchers discover how a high-fat diet causes type 2 diabetes
...alled glycosylation. Glycans are essential for the proper function of many proteins. GnT-4a was known to maintain glucose transporters on the surface of beta cells in the pancreas. Those transporters, such as Glut-2, play a crucial role in allowing the beta cell to sense how much glucose is in the blood. Tr...Study finds genes that 'fine-tune' muscle development process
...ll have found two genes that are essential for the proper development of muscle. Their findings are in the latest online edition of the journal Nature Genetics. The genes are among a recently discovered group of genes known as microRNAs (miRNAs), which were first discovered in worms 12 years ago. Only in th...Study fishes out new role for prostaglandins
...ssue precursors inside the embryo and gives them a proper shape." But little is known about the chemical sig...hronizes or orchestrates a myriad of events in the proper sequence (lots of trains)," said Solnica-Krezel, "and sometimes one train wreck can halt the entire ...Stanford/Packard scientist's data-mining technique strikes genetic gold
... software now that will help scientists assign the proper concepts to each experiment." Microarray experiments allow researchers to compare the expression patterns of tens of thousands of individual genes over time in diseased and healthy cells, or in many other experimental conditions. Each experiment gene...New insights into neural tube defects
...o migrate to the midline where they are needed for proper neural tube development. The report in Nature is the first to demonstrate that the polarity is restored to the daughter cells after rather than during cell division and to provide the specific molecules involved in restoring polarity. After cell ...Rutgers researchers create tiny chemical cages to enclose drug, pesticide molecules
...apsules and do so with high yield when combined in proper proportions. Early research suggests that the connections between the bridges and bowls can be broken and reattached under controlled conditions to introduce "payload" molecules such as a drug or pesticide into the cage and extract them when needed...Scientists link another gene to degenerative blindness
...so modulates calcium levels, which is critical for proper vision. When calnexin goes awry, however, calcium levels build up and the proteins that depend on it malfunction, says senior author Nansi Jo Colley, a medical geneticist at the UW-Madison departments of ophthalmology and genetics, and an affiliate...Keeping biological tubes in check: New insights into tube size morphogenesis
...phogenesis. The authors' additional discovery that proper luminal localization of one of the chitin deacetylases requires a specialized secretory pathway and intact structures called paracellular septate junctions provides a mechanistic model for tracheal tube size regulation. The other new study, from Ste...Pitt professor's theory of evolution gets boost from cell research
...ins act as chaperones, bringing molecules to their proper locations in the cell, and so on. In short, with that kind of protection from change, it is very difficult for mutations, of whatever kind, to gain a foothold. But extreme stress pushes cells beyond their capacity to produce protective proteins, and ...Gene discovery linked to increasingly diagnosed gastrointestinal disease
... a feeding tube. It is a chronic illness, but with proper management, most patients lead functional lives. Dr. Rothenberg and his team of physicians and researchers (including Philip E. Putnam, M.D., and Margaret H. Collins, M.D., both of Cincinnati Children's) have shown that eosinophilic esophagitis affec...Pesticide combinations imperil frogs, probably contribute to amphibian decline
...administering estrogen or blocking androgen at the proper time of development. "One week of exposure at the critical time is all that's required to make these males look feminine, which probably interferes with mating," he said. Noting that some frogs seem to adapt to atrazine by delaying development, presu...Illegal trade is propelling rare turtle toward extinction, new report
...d turtles should not be purchased unless they have proper permits and documentation. Without strict enforcement of these laws the turtle will have no future in the wild." The turtle, whose scientific name is Chelodina mccordi, is a small, odd-looking creature prized by collectors, with a long neck that ext...