Potato blight pathogenicity explained by genome plasticity
...large regulatory protein that exerts its effect by regulating the expression of other genes, possibly effector genes." While the exact mechanism by which these partial gene copies function as a source of modular diversity remains to be resolved, this study highlights the importance of genome plasticity in evo...Novel connection found between biological clock and cancer
...nase-2 (CHK2), whose normal role is exclusively in regulating the cell division cycle. CHK2 physically interacts with FRQ; the mutation makes this interaction much stronger. However, a mutant enzyme that has lost its activity has no effect on the clock. Normally CHK2 is involved in the signal response pathw...JCI table of contents: June 22, 2006
... activity in POMC neurons plays a critical role in regulating POMC activity and consequently the inhibition of the sensation of hunger. Further exploration of this signaling pathway may help to define novel approaches to the treatment of obesity and diabetes. TITLE: Enhanced PIP3 signaling in POMC neurons cause...Chewing up a key regulator of fat synthesis keeps mice lean despite a high-fat diet
...omeone weighing 200 pounds. Defining how molecules regulating fat storage interact could lead to novel measures to curb obesity. Further evidence linking TRB3 to disease comes from recent findings from a team of Italian scientists who report that mutations in the human TRB3 gene are associated with several insu...Parkinson's disease mechanism discovered
...at one protein, called Ypt1p, which is involved in regulating trafficking could also be switched on to suppress alpha-synuclein toxicity in yeast cells. "Our findings indicated that this ER-to-Golgi trafficking pathway is intimately coupled to the pathology, although in humans there are likely others involved a...Global atmospheric carbon level may depend primarily on southernmost ocean
...coast may be one of the planet's critical means of regulating levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere...re significant role than was previously thought in regulating atmospheric carbon, and -- in contrast to past theories -- the waters north of this region do compar...Social factors not hormones cause PMS, post-natal depression and menopausal stress
...ished a new book 'Managing the Monstrous Feminine: regulating the reproductive body' which explores the issues of PMS, post-natal depression and women experiences in mid-life. Professor Ussher draws on in-depth interviews with British and Australian women and argues that women's premenstral, post-natal and meno...Tropical rainforest nutrients linked to global carbon dioxide levels
...ical rain forests play a dominant role on Earth in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide." One big question, said Cleveland, "is how tropical rain forests are responding to climate change. What we have demonstrated is that even small changes in nutrients could have a profound impact on the release of...Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent
...researchers induced theta in one of three ways by regulating the rats' anesthesia, by stimulating the septum directly with an injection of carbachol, or by using the sensory stimulation method of pinching the tail.) The amplitude and frequency of the theta rhythm of the epileptic rats was significantly altere...Tropical forest CO2 emissions tied to nutrient increases
...ical rain forests play a dominant role on Earth in regulating atmospheric CO2, the primary greenhouse gas that has increased by roughly 33 percent since the Industrial Revolution began about 1760. A paper on the subject by Cleveland and CU-Boulder Associate Professor Alan Townsend of INSTAAR is being published ...The molecular mechanism of a diabetes vaccine revealed
...such precision, we can copy nature's own system in regulating the immune system and therefore, help to boost the immune system in preventing the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells," says Cohen. Postdoctoral fellow Dr. Alexandra Zanin-Zhorov spearheaded the project; the other scientists participat...New method of testing eggs for abnormalities could solve problems of embryo freezing
...que, designed to overcome the most restrictive law regulating infertility treatments, could turn out to be a new predictive tool for assessing the reproductive potential of each patient," she concluded....Study links high levels of nitric oxide to infertility and sperm DNA damage
...ised as a molecule that plays an important role in regulating the biology and physiology of the reproductive system, and we know that it can affect human sperm functions, such as motility, viability and metabolism. At low concentrations it can have a positive effect on cells, but a negative effect at high conce...New stem-cell findings can help the body to cure itself
...ature cells known as stem cells, but the mechanism regulating the number of new cells produced has remained something of a mystery. However, in a new study to be published by Cell stem-cell researcher Jonas Frisn has succeeded in showing how the body's own stem cells do just this. Working alongside an American ...When it comes to gene transcription, random pauses arent quite so random, study finds
...ts into the control mechanisms that cells have for regulating the genes they express."...Brain region linked to fly slumber
...fore possible, the authors argue, that a mechanism regulating both sleep and learning could be evolutionarily conserved. So studying the mushroom bodies may help to throw light on the mechanisms governing vertebrate and invertebrate sleep. In addition to Allada, other authors on the Nature paper are Jena L. Pi...Transcription factor protein's role in cell death, neurodegeneration and schizophrenia
...are important in maintaining the energy stores and regulating viability and death of the cell. The researchers then overexpressed Elk-1 in rat neurons to see if there was an effect on cell viability. "We thought that through interaction with Elk-1, the mitochondria would be able to regulate cell death," says E...Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition
...w uncovered a pathway that plays a central role in regulating this choice. That path is described in a study from Martyn Goulding, PhD., an associate professor in the Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory. Goulding, along with co-lead authors, postdoctoral fellow Rumiko Mizuguchi, PhD., and Sonja Kriks, a graduate ...Fear circuit flares as bipolar youth misread faces
... at identifying facial emotion and have difficulty regulating their attention when frustrated. Using functional MRI, the researchers measured brain activity in 22 bipolar youth and 21 healthy subjects while they rated faces. In addition to the amygdala, other parts of the emotion-regulating circuit nucleus ac...Tropical forests leak nitrogen back into atmosphere, say scientists
...te system. "Tropical forests play a major role in regulating the planet's climate, and these findings indicate that we are still working on our basic understanding of the nitrogen cycle," said Lars Hedin, a researcher on the team and professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton. "That a group of ...