Sugar and spice and everything nice: Health differences in newborn girls and boys
...or complete lack of blood flow, and therefore must rely in part on internal nutrient stores to produce energy anaerobically (without oxygen). The end-products of this process (anaerobic metabolism) are lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) which can accumulate in the liver cells during ischemia leading to detrim...Indo-Pacific coral reefs disappearing more rapidly than expected
...an floor area covered by living corals. Scientists rely on coral cover as a key indicator of reef habitat quality and quantity, similar to measuring an area covered by tree canopy as a gauge of tropical forest loss. Coral cover declined from 40 percent in the early 1980s to approximately 20 percent by 2...Unlocking proteins from their cellular shell
...e to provide hope for therapy, they will certainly rely on the proper assembly of many cytoskeletal proteins that achieve the right levels of flexibility and force-generation. Cytoskeletal pliability within cells under stress has been a matter of guesswork in the past, however, and so a better understand...Einstein researchers' prototype vaccine could provide improved protection against tuberculosis
...tuberculosis, known as secA2, that the TB bacteria rely on to prevent apoptosis of the mammalian cells they infect. The researchers then knocked that gene out of the TB chromosome, creating a weakened mutant strain of the bacterium. When the mutant TB strain was injected into laboratory animals, infected ...Orangutans' communication resembles a game of 'charades'
...utans use gestures to get their point across, they rely on the same basic strategy that people follow in playing the game of charades. Captive orangutans intentionally modify or repeat hand or other signals selectively based on the success or failure of their first attempt, according to a August 2nd study...Cost-effective method for gene silencing is featured in Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
...to conduct these experiments, scientists generally rely on chemical synthesis of RNA molecules, which can be quite costly. A freely accessible article from this months release of Cold Spring Harbor Protocols ( www.cshprotocols.org ) addresses this problem; it describes a cost-effective approach for gen...Smithsonian's National Zoo researchers use electronic eggs to help save threatened species
...ies for artificially incubating eggs can sometimes rely as much on guesswork as on hard data. Improving the success rate of breeding not only increases the numbers of birds in captive populations, but also helps maintain their genetic diversity, which is essential for a healthy population. Since it bega...Steroids, not songs, spur growth of brain regions in sparrows
...hing in common with a few baseball sluggers. Both rely on steroids, birds to increase the size of song production areas of their brain and some players, apparently, to knock a fastball out of the park. Writing last month in the Journal of Neuroscience, Eliot Brenowitz and his colleagues showed that the...Molecular detectors may refine cancer treatment
...present, doctors have had only their experience to rely upon to determine the best treatment for these patients. Our findings will give doctors an effective tool to more precisely make a diagnosis and to tailor treatments. UF researchers built designer probes using cancer cells as a template, capitalizi......se to be tending, this is bad news for females who rely on the honesty of male sexual displays to select mates with superior parental qualities. ...Microscopic jets, diamonds unlikely on Uranus, and amazing mosquito legs
...imal kingdom. Both water striders and mosquitoes rely on superhydrophobic (extremely water repelling) legs to allow them to stand on pond surfaces. Water striders' legs do a pretty good job of it, repelling water well enough to support up to 15 times their body weight. Mosquitoes, however, can easily be...Tumor painting revolutionizes fight against cancer
...ite advances in surgical tools, surgeons currently rely on color, texture or blood supply to differentiate tumor from normal tissue, a distinction that is often subtle and imperfect. The limitations of this method contribute to cancer growth or patient mortality that is potentially preventable. The tumo......of study. While Ha says most conventional breeders rely on phenotypic evaluations of plants to select the plant with most desirable traits, this process takes time and money. For example, if a breeder wants to select plants with resistance to root-knot nematode based upon a phenotypic evaluation alone, he......s, mathematical modeling approaches. Instead, they rely on intuition or await the results of expensive, long-term clinical trials”, says Mittler. By presenting a detailed model that makes concrete quantitative predictions and gives some interesting, counter-intuitive qualitative results, this paper may he...New way to target and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria found
...ug resistance. Many highly-drug resistant bacteria rely on an enzyme, called DNA relaxase, to obtain and pass on their resistance genes. A mutation that provides antibiotic resistance can sweep through a colony as quickly as the latest YouTube hit. The researchers analyzed relaxase because it plays a cr...Amoebae control cheating by keeping it in the family
...ersity shows how cooperative single-celled amoebae rely on family ties to keep cheaters from undermining the health of their colonies. The research appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in May. "It's very unusual to get a complete story in biology -- one that marries careful fi...Male or female factor infertility -- men suffer just the same
...oups suffered equally. Infertile people appear to rely particularly on their social environment for support, and this seems to deteriorate over time. Couples should be made aware of the possible decline in their social support network and encouraged to organise support systems that no not solely includ...American Chemical Society's Weekly PressPac -- June 27/July 3, 2007
...policy approaches for controlling indoor mold that rely on building and housing codes, maintenance and rehabilitation regulations, home marketing incentives, and public education on moisture and mold control. While it is not yet feasible to develop standards and regulations for acceptable mold levels in......em of vertebrates. Also insects and nematode worms rely on the secretion of hormones to transmit information, but the compounds they use are often very different from the vertebrate counterparts. This suggested that hormone-secreting brain centres have arisen after the evolution of vertebrates and inverte......structure that is both sustainable and green might rely on nations working together to find a solution to a range of potentially devastating problems, according to Cardiff University's Peter Wells. Writing in the International Journal of the Environment and Sustainable Development, published today by Inde...