Hopkins researchers develop new tool to watch real-time chemical activity in cells
...t-a-time approach offers the chance to study - and rule out or in - many potentially useful chemicals at once. What Zhang's team developed is a biosensor and simple testing procedure that tells if a particular enzyme - called PKA - that acts like a "switch" is "on" or "off" in a living cell. The grou......he germs, as it is constantly being produced. As a rule much larger quantities of hydrogen peroxide would have to be used, as hydrogen peroxide loses its potency over time. However, in large concentrations it not only damages the bacteria, but also the skin cells. Furthermore, medihoney consists of two d...Polynesia explorers created worldwide web of scientific knowledge
...iebersohn said, "while working to install colonial rule and capitalist commerce. From the beginning they were controversial." By the early 19th century the world of the travelers "steadily accumulating knowledge for its European public" looked like a scientific success. But just when it seemed triumphan...More carbon dioxide may help some trees weather ice storms
...thing obvious," McCarthy said. They were able to rule out one potentially obvious explanation. Previous studies at FACE had suggested that new wood grown under elevated carbon-dioxide levels is less dense than normal, so it might be expected that the tops of trees grown under these conditions would be...Manatee traveler in northeastern waters not Chessie
...Survey manatee researchers have today been able to rule out Chessie as the current traveler through the use of the manatee photo-identification database. Yet the roving manatee's identity is still unknown. Photographs and video were sent to USGS manatee researchers in Florida, who used the manatee photo......ion rates changed as things heated up. A general rule for enzyme reactions states that as the heat rises, so does the reaction rate. Contrary to this rule, and the scientist's expectations, both reaction rates peaked at a certain point, and remained steady thereafter. For each enzyme, the peak occurred ...A 'recent' embosymbiont -- a rare evolutionary example -- offers clues to how plants came to be
...the single known exception to this "primary event" rule because it has a cyanobacteria-like plastid of recent provenance. In fact, Paulinella was identified over 100 years ago by the German naturalist Robert Lauterborn as potentially important for the investigation of cell symbiosis. By studying Paulinell...Scientist's persistence sheds light on marine science riddle
...ea," Rosenberg and his co-authors apply the island rule to deep-sea animals using Rosenberg's detailed database of marine snails. They find a similar pattern: when species colonize the deep sea, large-bodied species become smaller and small-bodied species become larger. "I've been building the Malacolog ...Islands spark accelerated evolution
...e island species: a 1989 study followed the island rule in linking fragmented habitat to body size changes in 25 European mammals over the past 200 years. How long animals can continue to evolve in the face of these changes, however, remains to be seen....Do green markets actually lead to improvements in environmental quality?
...e results, along with the conditions sufficient to rule them out, provide new insight into the potential advantages and disadvantages of green markets as a decentralized mechanism of environmental policy." Many governments, nongovernmental organizations, and industries promote green markets as ways to e...'Killer' B cells demonstrate evolutionary link between fish and mammal immune systems
... of B cells in mammals. "At this point, we cannot rule out the possibility that small subpopulations of phagocytic B cells, perhaps remnants of those present in fish, are still present in mammals," Sunyer said. Their findings also have an agricultural implication. The current vaccines given to farmed sa...Prediction models help identify increased risk of gene mutation linked with colorectal cancer
... to testing " the authors write. "Our prediction rule includes specific and discrete variables and does ...ld be preferable, to assess the performance of the rule among individuals with little or no family history of the Lynch syndrome malignancies. Since the rul...Parasitic plants sniff out hosts
...olatile chemicals might be key, our results do not rule out the possibility that other cues such as light or shade may play a role." After establishing the role of volatiles in leading the parasite plants to their tomato hosts, the researchers looked at other potential hosts including wild impatiens, and...News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience
...and William B. Kristan Jr The "no double dipping" rule apparently doesn't necessarily apply to neuronal circuits. This week, Briggman and Kristan demonstrate that the circuits driving two distinct motions, swimming and crawling in the medicinal leech, involve many of the same neurons. Using a FRET (fluor...Mutant gene causes severe kidney disease in infants
...s, but steroid-resistant forms of the disease as a rule do not respond to treatment. Untreated nephrotic syndrome often causes severe scarring and a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which progresses about 50 percent of the time to end-stage kidney disease and renal failure. PL...Decoded sea urchin genome shows surprising relationship to man
... lines. 2.) One unexpected exception to this size rule was the immune system. Humans have innate and acquired immunity systems. The sea urchin has some of the genes of the acquired immunity system, but its innate immunity branch is greatly expanded with 10 to 20 times as many genes as in humans. Innate...Decoded sea urchin genome shows surprising relationship to humans
...nary lines. One unexpected exception to this size rule was the immune system. Humans have innate and acquired immunity systems. The sea urchin has some of the genes of the acquired immunity system, but its innate immunity branch is greatly expanded with 10 to 20 times as many genes as in humans. Innate i...Listening to gunshots may save lives and wildlands
... the type of ammunition at best but you couldn't rule in, or out, a specific firearm," Maher said. Finding a sniper holds more promise. While a sniper may be able to hide and use a silencer to cover the sound of gunpowder exploding in a shell, the laws of physics will reveal the path of a bullet. "...Oldest animal fossils may have been bacteria
...raduate student Beverly Flood, were careful not to rule outthe existence of animal fossils from the same geological era. The DoushantuoFormation contains the fossils of many species, some of which have beenidentified as animals. While calling the evidence for animal life in the Doushantuo"controversial,"......ls with a larval life cycle. "We can apply this rule to animals without having to go out and measure every species," O'Connor said. "Our general model gives us a powerful new way to study larval movement with knowledge about ocean temperature, which is much easier to come by. With models such as this, ...