Applied scientists create wrinkled 'skin' on polymers
...ost like using an airbrush on fabric. At a smaller scale the desired morphology of wrinkles can be achieved...les to 50 nanometers. Manipulation at such a small scale makes this method even more attractive. We are also building multifunctional microfluidic devices fo...Environments resilient in the face of hurricanes, but questions remain, says journal special issue
...ique data sets to develop and test a new hurricane scale for predicting the coastal impacts of extreme storms," noted issue contributor Abby Sallenger of the St. Petersburg, FL, office of the U.S. Geological Survey. These varying impacts seemed to depend, at least in part, on the characteristics of the s...Large size crucial for Amazon forest reserves
...cies that occur throughout the forest at the large scale actually may have very specific requirements at the fine scale. Large areas of forest encompass a wide enough variety of local conditions and species, to ensure the survival of the Amazon and its inhabitants. In December, 2006, the Brazilian gove...New clean-up project builds upon success gained in field
...ransport of contaminants performed on such a large scale using a real-world contaminated site," Watson said. Key conclusions from research projects at the site include: microorganisms found in subsurface environments can transform radionuclides such as uranium, technetium and other contaminants like n...Embryonic stem cells do better on bumpy nanoscale mattress
... stamp polyurethane substrates with a nano- micron scale topography; a rugged cellular landscape ranging from a few billionths to a few millionths of a meter in altitude. The HES cells in culture seemed to appreciate the bumps. A line of HES cells grown for five days on the artificial ridges and grooves...Coral stress 'like never in history'
Large scale coral die-offs are now occurring more frequently t...Pandolfi and his team were able to see where large scale disturbances had occurred in the history of these reefs which dated back as far as 11 000 years ago....Study reveals noisy Christmas toys can damage hearing
...ud" Noise is measured in dBA, which is a decibel scale modified to take into account the sensitivity of human ears to different pitches of sound. It is a logarithmic scale, which means that an increase or decrease of 3 dBA represents a doubling or halving of intensity, the energy it contains. So, for exa...Butterfly wing scales provide template for complex photonic structures
...the number of deposition cycles to which each wing scale template was subjected. After the deposition, th...h the ALD process. The artificial butterfly wing scale is a three-dimensional structure that retains the features of the original. That includes hollow tu...LSU professor discovers new species
... its structure, or morphology; differences in scale count, which is one of the basic ways scientists distinguish between species; and significant genetic variations. These traits combined to confirm the original hypothesis that the lizard was, in fact, an entirely new species. Austin spent the ...Extreme life, marine style highlights 2006 ocean census
...es among thousands collected typifies the range of scale challenging Census charting. The rich diversity of the isopod crustaceans includes common species and others rarely observed. In its exploration of Antarctic seas, the figurative haystack, Census researchers found many new species, especially isopod ...Ancient climate change may portend toasty future
...t time carbon was emitted to the atmosphere on the scale of what we are doing today, there were winners and losers," Caldeira remarked. "There was ecological devastation, but new species rose from the ashes. Luckily for us, our ancient primate ancestors were winners. Who knows who the winners and losers wi...Global warming of the future is projected by ancient carbon emissions
...t time carbon was emitted to the atmosphere on the scale of what we are doing today, there were winners and losers," remarked Ken Caldeira, a co-author from the Carnegie Institutions Department of Global Ecology. "There was ecological devastation, but new species rose from the ashes. Our work provides even...All itches not created equal -- Different parts of brain activated depending on cause
...he subjects rated itch intensity continuously on a scale of 0 (no itch) to 10 (worst itch imaginable). Itch...ted with a screen showing a simplified itch rating scale of 0 (no itch) to 5 (worst itch imaginable). Subjects pressed a button to rate the itch they felt wh...NIH Nanomedicine Center draws on NYU School of Medicine expertise
...dicine. The idea is to repair the body on the tiny scale of moleculesat the nano-scale or roughly one milli...d of DNA break. The nano-tool The miniscule scale at which experiments must be performed is a major challenge. After all, the cells nucleoprotein mach...Global warming is reducing ocean life, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, say scientists
...scientific journal Nature. We show on a global scale that the growth of these plants, called phytoplankton, is strongly tied to changes in the warming of the ocean, said David Siegel, co-author and professor of marine science in the Department of Geography at the University of California, Santa Barbara......Institute (IWMI) is working with local partners to scale up simple "bucket and drip" irrigation system for poor farmers. For as little as USD$5, this technology allows farmers to apply limited amounts of water to their crops in a way that saves water and increases yields. In drip irrigation, water flows ...Complaints about memory are associated with Alzheimer-related brain damage
...ned the answers to these two questions to create a scale to measure the severity of memory complaints. They...of education. The researchers then compared this scale with the levels of damage to the brain revealed during autopsy. The damage specifically looked at wa...Biolex reports potential for more potent, efficacious antibodies in Nature Biotechnology
...an change with cell culture conditions, production scale and other variables, making characterization of the antibody difficult and creating potential consistency, scale-up and regulatory challenges. Accordingly, the ability of the LEX System to produce antibodies with homogeneous glycosylation, without t...Stormy days ahead for coral reefs
...d shapes and sizes of coral colonies onto a simple scale that measures their vulnerability to dislodgment. Any severe event, like a cyclone, imposes a threshold that can be scored on the same scale, allowing scientists to determine which corals will live and which will die. The most vulnerable corals a......heir jobs, find their salaries near the top of the scale for professions with similar educational requirements, are well educated and remain poised for continuing growth and change. These facts are gleaned from a recent survey sponsored by SNMTS, a scientific organization that promotes continued developmen...