Soaking up signal: Endocytosis controls spreading and effective signaling range of Fgf8 protein
...uring development, but the mechanisms by which the spreading of Fgf8 protein is controlled in a field of target...es in an intact animal. The researchers found that spreading of Fgf8 through target tissue is controlled by endocytosis--i.e., internalization of Fgf8 protein by...New Italian research links migraine and endometriosis
...have been implicated. It is possible that systemic spreading of prostaglandins produced by endometriosis may contribute to migraine and it has also been shown that upregulation or disregulation of nitric oxide synthesis has a role in both migraine and endometriosis. But the association between the two conditio...Avian cholera could spread from Great Salt Lake
...irds are the primary reservoir for maintaining and spreading this disease, we need to consider the possibility that grebes and other birds will spread avian cholera beyond the Great Salt Lake during their migration to wintering areas." Each fall about 1.5 million eared grebes congregate at the Great Salt Lake ...Computer models to simulate hypothetical outbreak of avian flu
...how we can most effectively prevent the virus from spreading to other areas," said Eckstrand. "These models will help policymakers design strategies to protect the public from a potentially deadly disease."......s, for improved shock absorption during running by spreading out the forces. The arrangement of bones in the human foot creates a stable or stiff arch that makes the whole foot more rigid, so the human runner can push off the ground more efficiently and utilize ligaments on the bottom of the feet as sprin...Scientists first to grow common cause of food poisoning in the lab
...they spread rapidly, are difficult to prevent from spreading and can create considerable discomfort. Dehydration from the diarrhea and vomiting induced by the virus sometimes leads to hospitalization in the elderly, the young or those with weakened immune systems. In the developing world, these viruses are a ...Dwarf mistletoe reveals its sexual secrets
...rt fertilizer. But the dwarf mistletoe takes spreading its seed into its own hands. Through a painstaking microscopic analysis of the seed's embryonic development, Dr. Ross determined that the growing fruit stores water in a gelatinous substance secreted by helical, or spring-shaped, cells. The water pre...Urban ecology study witnessing the birth of a 'designer ecosystem'
...nd the plants that they eat," Redman said. "You're spreading water all over the environment, and this is one of the prime reasons for the greater abundances of birds. This also has consequences for many, many other things. A fun thing is that this high abundance of birds, in turn means that a variety of insec...Researchers find how protein allows insects to detect and respond to pheromones
...hat attract mosquitoes, the insect responsible for spreading malaria, which kills up to 3 million people each year. The research, appearing in the Jan. 20 issue of the journal Neuron, is the first to directly link pheromone-induced behavior with the activity of olfactory binding proteins, or OBPs. The nerve...Evolution of classical polyandry: three steps to female emancipation
...l polyandrous females have more offspring, thereby spreading characteristics that make for success in competition over males, such as large size and strength, and attractive colours....Brain 'avalanches' may help store memories
...s, Beggs and IU senior Clay Haldeman simulated the spreading activity of brain cells in a computer model. When the activity was tuned to mimic the avalanches seen in brain tissue, a large number of stable activity patterns appeared. Stable activity patterns are thought to be important for memory, since they ha......A geographical subgroup of HIV, termed clade C, is spreading more rapidly than other clades, invading India, China, and South America. A JCI paper by Monica Sala and colleagues at the Pasteur Institute examines the region of HIV clade C responsible for viral replication, called the promoter, and compares it to...Blocking cell signaling can stymie viral infections, study shows
... cells, the drug prevented the smallpox virus from spreading to other cells. In lab mice infected by a virus similar to the smallpox virus, a combination of the drug and a single antibody injection resulted in complete clearance of the lungs in just eight days. "The results demonstrate the principle that viral...Grid expectations for networked computing: From global Earth monitoring to black hole detection
... of the company Datamat said he predicted Grid use spreading beyond science to industry in the next few years, as initial 'hype and hope' was replaced by early adopters demonstrating the solutions and convenience that Grids offer within an operational context. The aerospace and automotive sectors were both ob...UC researchers discover gene that causes heavy metal poisoning
...nnati (UC) has identified the gene responsible for spreading the poisonous (toxic) effects of cadmium--a finding, say the researchers, that may one day lead to the prevention of cadmium toxicity in humans. Cadmium--a heavy metal suspected of causing human birth defects, lung cancer and testicular cancer--is fo...Diabetes' link to obesity broken in mice
...ope with the unprecedented epidemic of obesity now spreading through the United States and other nations. Obesity brings with it a range of health consequences including sharply increased risk of type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes. Scientists broke the link to improve their understanding of the...Introduced foxes transformed vegetation on Aleutian Islands from lush grasslands to tundra
...nd by feeding on marine fish and invertebrates and spreading nutrient-rich guano around the islands. Add foxes, and the indirect effects on the whole ecosystem are as dramatic as the direct effects on the seabirds. "Introduced species are a global phenomenon, and we tend to focus on the direct effects, such a...New technique finds molecules necessary for cancer metastasis
...a role in how brain tumor cells move in the brain, spreading to healthy cells. "Our current interest is cell motility related to the spread of cancer," says Dr. Jay, "but the speed and sensitivity of the FALI approach gives it wide applicability as a method to identify functionally important proteins in a vari...Pair of cancer genes found to drive both cell migration and division
...ns. In addition, cell migration can lead to tumors spreading and developing in different places in the body," says Peter Devreotes, Ph.D., professor and director of Cell Biology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine's Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences. "Now that we know that PTEN and PI3K are involved ...