JCI table of contents: December 7, 2006
...ough the soluble factor TGF-beta has been shown to suppress the growth of tumor cells in the early stages of breast cancer, high levels of TGF-beta during the later stages of the disease are associated with a poor outcome. A study using human breast cancer samples and mice, which appears online on December 7 ......tential of individual interneurones (neurones that suppress the activity of the hippocampus) in anaethetised m...as a surprising finding, because the interneurones suppress those neurones in the hippocampus which are supposed to write information to the cerebral cortex pre...Dartmouth researchers find that low doses of arsenic have broad impact on hormone activity
...well, and their team found that arsenic appears to suppress the ability of all three of these critical receptors to respond to their normal hormone signals. Chemicals that disrupt steroid hormone receptor signaling are called endocrine disruptors, and this study provides further evidence that arsenic, a metal...Peering into the shadow world of RNA
...to specific RNA editing, the result of which is to suppress or perhaps refocus miRNA expression and activity...esult, mechanisms have arisen through evolution to suppress their activity. This is particularly true in the egg and sperm, where maintenance of the genomes int...Human testis harbors HIV-1 in resident immune cells
...ve antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can successfully suppress virus in the blood. The presence of HIV in the semen despite successful HAART has intrigued scientists. Researchers led by Dr. Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford examined testis tissue for the presence of HIV receptors. They found that all of the necessary...Does natural selection drive the evolution of cancer?
...o divide as healthy cells do, and they are able to suppress a vital set of internal instructions that require cells to self-destruct when their genes are mutated beyond repair. This protective cell-suicide program carried by normal cells is known as apoptosis. Seeing a tumor in this light opens a window on ...Wielding the subtle weapons of a fungus
...lternatively, the secreted proteins might actively suppress the defences. What is certain is that the gene clusters play a crucial role in this and now the researchers hope to discover precisely what that role is....T for two: Scientists show how immune system chooses best way to fight infection
...ck infected cells, and "regulatory T cells", which suppress the immune system, protecting the body from inflam...ven to individuals receiving transplants, may help suppress the rejection response. Now, a team of researchers has discovered a novel mechanism determining wh...Scientists harness diptheria toxin and interleukin 2 to help the immune system attack melanoma
...t of regulatory T cells has been found to directly suppress the activation of the anti-tumour T cells, but it was also discovered that, if the Tregs were depleted by targeting them with denileukin diftitox, then particular T cells in the immune system known as CD8+ T lymphocytes were able to attack and kill t...Microbes compete with animals for food by making it stink
...water with the antibiotic chloramphenicol added to suppress microbe growth. In the lab, stone crabs readily ate both freshly thawed menhaden and fish that had soaked in water with antibiotics, but refused to eat the rotten fish not protected from microbial attack. To determine if reducing bacterial growth a...JCI table of contents: Nov. 1, 2006
...se. This demonstration that targeting lung DCs can suppress allergic asthma in mice might open new avenues of research for the development of drugs that target DC function to treat individuals with allergic asthma. TITLE: Local application of FTY720 to the lung abrogates experimental asthma by altering dendr...Bee genome information housed at Texas A&M University
...nge the way that beekeepers manage their hives and suppress disease and parasitic mites in their colonies," said Weaver, president of Bee Weaver Apiaries. "It will help us have healthier bees that are more productive." Bee Weaver Apiaries supplies breeding queens to beekeepers, he said. Weaver helped init...UC Davis scientists' groundbreaking research: Mate-attracting chemicals
... attract insects and designing better chemicals to suppress insect communication. That is because insects communicate or smell through their antennae. Many insect species, including silkworm moths, release sex pheromones or chemical signals to attract a mate. "Silkworm moths utilize smell more strongly than ...Scientists find a key to immune system's ability to remember
...nt patients require life-long regimens of drugs to suppress immune response to the foreign cells in the donated organ....Scientists identify switch for brain's natural anti-oxidant defense
...ed up mitochondrial formation and at the same time suppress the creation of reactive oxygen species, which are...ev up energy production in the mitochondria and to suppress the resulting free radicals, "this is an almost ideal protein to control or limit the damage seen in...HIV exploits competition among T cells
...produced in response to a first viral infection to suppress the creation of new immune cells in response to a second infection by a related strain. The second type of competition, immunodominance, occurs when several viral strains simultaneously infect one person. In this case, T cells compete to recognize th...Commonplace sugar compound silences seizures
...There has been hope that [new drugs] will not only suppress seizures, but modify their consequences. [2DG] appears to be a novel treatment that offers great promise to achieve that vision." About 1 percent of the world's population suffers from epilepsy, a neurological condition that makes people susceptibl...LIAI scientists make major advance in the fight against chronic virus infections
...tis C, HIV and cytomegalovirus infections, acts to suppress the immune system's attack on chronic virus infections. "We thought, 'what if we try to correct what the immune system seems to be doing wrong in response to many chronic viral infections?,'" said von Herrath. "So we unleashed the power of the immu...DNA highly promising predictor for successful treatment of alcoholics
...cs of alcoholics can predict which drugs will best suppress the desire to drink. Naltrexone and acamprosate are drugs that are supposed to suppress the desire for a drink. The researcher investigated which patient characteristics were responsible f...'Failed' experiment yields a biocontrol agent that doesn't trigger antibiotic resistance
...ep was to engineer a strain of bacteria that could suppress over-replication of the key plasmid. This so-called "Trojan horse" could then be used to spread the killer plasmid via conjugation to targeted bacterial pathogens that lacked the ability to resist over-replication. "We harnessed this plasmid," thou...